< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pyxati
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Iterative counter-part of *puxati (“to blow”), from Proto-Indo-European *pews- (“to puff”). The -x- is due to RUKI law. Cognate with Sanskrit पुष्यति (púṣyati, “to thrive”) and akin to Ancient Greek φῡσᾰ́ω (phūsáō, “to blow, to swell”), Lithuanian puškuoti (“to puff”), Latvian pūst (“to blow, to whiff”).
Verb
*pyxati impf (perfective *pyxnǫti)[1][2]
- to breath heavily
- to groan, to puff
Inflection
Conjugation of *pyxati, *pyxa, *pyšetь (impf., -a/j-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)
Suffix: *-ati
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *pyxanьje | *pyxati | *pyxatъ | *pyxalъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *pyxanъ | *pyšemъ |
| Active | *pyxavъ | *pyšę |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *pyxaxъ | *pyxa | *pyxa | *pyšǫ | *pyšeši | *pyšetь |
| Dual | *pyxaxově | *pyxasta | *pyxaste | *pyševě | *pyšeta | *pyšete |
| Plural | *pyxaxomъ | *pyxaste | *pyxašę | *pyšemъ | *pyšete | *pyšǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *pyxaaxъ | *pyxaaše | *pyxaaše | — | *pyši | *pyši |
| Dual | *pyxaaxově | *pyxaašeta | *pyxaašete | *pyšivě | *pyšita | — |
| Plural | *pyxaaxomъ | *pyxaašete | *pyxaaxǫ | *pyšimъ | *pyšite | — |
Reanalyzed in later times among some descendants as:
Conjugation of *pyxati, *pyxa, *pyxajetь (perf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)
Suffix: *-ati
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *pyxanьje | *pyxati | *pyxatъ | *pyxalъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *pyxanъ | — |
| Active | *pyxavъ | — |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *pyxaxъ | *pyxa | *pyxa | *pyxajǫ | *pyxaješi | *pyxajetь |
| Dual | *pyxaxově | *pyxasta | *pyxaste | *pyxajevě | *pyxajeta | *pyxajete |
| Plural | *pyxaxomъ | *pyxaste | *pyxašę | *pyxajemъ | *pyxajete | *pyxajǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | — | — | — | — | *pyxaji | *pyxaji |
| Dual | — | — | — | *pyxajivě | *pyxajita | — |
| Plural | — | — | — | *pyxajimъ | *pyxajite | — |
- Notes:
- In perfective verbs, present expresses future
Related terms
- *pъxъtěti (“to puff”)
- *pъškati (“to groan”)
- *puxati (“to blow”)
Derived terms
- *sъpyxati (“to lose breath (for animals) / air (for objects, e.g. ball or baloon)”)
- *jьzpyxati (“to exhale air heavily”)
- *vъpyxati (“to inhale air heavily”)
- *zapyxati (“to get difficulty breathing”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Belarusian: пы́хаць (pýxacʹ)
- Russian: пы́хать (pýxatʹ), dial. пыха́ть (pyxátʹ)
- Ukrainian: пи́хати (pýxaty)
- South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: пи́хам (píham)
- Serbo-Croatian: pihȁti
- Slovene: píhati (tonal orthography)
- West Slavic:
- Czech: pýchati
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: pychaś
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “пыхать”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Duridanov I., Račeva M., Todorov T., editor (1996), “пихам³”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 5, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 268
References
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “pyxati: pyšjǫ pyšjetь”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a stønne (PR 133)”
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “píhati”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “*pyxa̋ti”