< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/prěsnъ
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Pre-Slavic *prēˀsk-nas, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *prēˀskas (“unleavened, unfermented”).
Adjective
*prěsnъ
- fresh, new
- unleavened
- raw, rough, unrefined
Declension
Indefinite declension of *prěsnъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *prěsnъ | *prěsna | *prěsno |
| Accusative | *prěsnъ | *prěsnǫ | *prěsno |
| Genitive | *prěsna | *prěsny | *prěsna |
| Locative | *prěsně | *prěsně | *prěsně |
| Dative | *prěsnu | *prěsně | *prěsnu |
| Instrumental | *prěsnomь | *prěsnojǫ | *prěsnomь |
| Vocative | *prěsne | *prěsno | *prěsno |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *prěsna | *prěsně | *prěsně |
| Accusative | *prěsna | *prěsně | *prěsně |
| Genitive | *prěsnu | *prěsnu | *prěsnu |
| Locative | *prěsnu | *prěsnu | *prěsnu |
| Dative | *prěsnoma | *prěsnama | *prěsnoma |
| Instrumental | *prěsnoma | *prěsnama | *prěsnoma |
| Vocative | *prěsna | *prěsně | *prěsně |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *prěsni | *prěsny | *prěsna |
| Accusative | *prěsny | *prěsny | *prěsna |
| Genitive | *prěsnъ | *prěsnъ | *prěsnъ |
| Locative | *prěsněxъ | *prěsnaxъ | *prěsněxъ |
| Dative | *prěsnomъ | *prěsnamъ | *prěsnomъ |
| Instrumental | *prěsny | *prěsnami | *prěsny |
| Vocative | *prěsni | *prěsny | *prěsna |
Definite declension of *prěsnъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *prěsnъjь | *prěsnaja | *prěsnoje |
| Accusative | *prěsnъjь | *prěsnǫjǫ | *prěsnoje |
| Genitive | *prěsnajego | *prěsnyję | *prěsnajego |
| Locative | *prěsnějemь | *prěsněji | *prěsnějemь |
| Dative | *prěsnujemu | *prěsněji | *prěsnujemu |
| Instrumental | *prěsnyjimi | *prěsnǫjǫ | *prěsnyjimi |
| Vocative | *prěsnъjь | *prěsnaja | *prěsnoje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *prěsnaja | *prěsněji | *prěsněji |
| Accusative | *prěsnaja | *prěsněji | *prěsněji |
| Genitive | *prěsnuju | *prěsnuju | *prěsnuju |
| Locative | *prěsnuju | *prěsnuju | *prěsnuju |
| Dative | *prěsnyjima | *prěsnyjima | *prěsnyjima |
| Instrumental | *prěsnyjima | *prěsnyjima | *prěsnyjima |
| Vocative | *prěsnaja | *prěsněji | *prěsněji |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *prěsniji | *prěsnyję | *prěsnaja |
| Accusative | *prěsnyję | *prěsnyję | *prěsnaja |
| Genitive | *prěsnъjixъ | *prěsnъjixъ | *prěsnъjixъ |
| Locative | *prěsnyjixъ | *prěsnyjixъ | *prěsnyjixъ |
| Dative | *prěsnyjimъ | *prěsnyjimъ | *prěsnyjimъ |
| Instrumental | *prěsnyjimi | *prěsnyjimi | *prěsnyjimi |
| Vocative | *prěsniji | *prěsnyję | *prěsnaja |
Derived terms
- *naprěsnъ
- *oprěsnikъ
- *oprěsniti
- *oprěsnъ
- *oprěsnъkъ
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: прѣснъ (prěsnŭ), прѣсьнъ (prěsĭnŭ)
- Belarusian: прэ́сны (présny)
- Russian: пре́сный (présnyj)
- Ukrainian: прі́сний (prísnyj)
- Old East Slavic: прѣснъ (prěsnŭ), прѣсьнъ (prěsĭnŭ)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Cyrillic: прѣснъ (prěsnŭ)
- Glagolitic: ⱂⱃⱑⱄⱀⱏ (prěsnŭ)
- Bulgarian: пре́сен (présen)
- Macedonian: пресен (presen)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: пре́сан, прије́сан
- Latin: présan, prijésan
- Slovene: prẹ́sǝn
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: přěsný
- Czech: přesný
- Moravian (Mistřice): přesní (“sour”)
- Czech: přesný
- Polish: przaśny
- Slovak: presný
- Old Czech: přěsný
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “пресный”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Chernykh, P. (1993), “пресный”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 65
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1995), “*naprěskъjь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 22 (*naděliti – *narodъ), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 231