Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pravьda

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Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pravьda

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *pravъ plus an unclear suffix *-ьda.

Noun

*pra̋vьda f[1][2]

1. truth
2. justice

   Synonym: *pravyni

   Antonym: *krivьda

Declension

Declension of *pravьda (hard a-stem, accent paradigm a)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*pravьda	*pravьdě	*pravьdy
Accusative	*pravьdǫ	*pravьdě	*pravьdy
Genitive	*pravьdy	*pravьdu	*pravьdъ
Locative	*pravьdě	*pravьdu	*pravьdasъ, *pravьdaxъ*
Dative	*pravьdě	*pravьdama	*pravьdamъ
Instrumental	*pravьdojǫ, *pravьdǭ**	*pravьdama	*pravьdamī
Vocative	*pravьdo	*pravьdě	*pravьdy

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms

• *opravьdati (“to justify, to give justice”)
• *nepravьda (“injustice”)
• *pravьdina (“justice”)
• *pravьdьnъ (“righteous”)
  • *pravьdьnostь (“righteousness”)
• *pravьdivъ (“authentic, true”)

Related terms

• *pravidlo (“rule”)
• *praviti (“to make, to arrange”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: правьда (pravĭda)
    • Belarusian: пра́ўда (práŭda)
    • Russian: пра́вда (právda)
    • Ukrainian: пра́вда (právda)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic: правьда (pravĭda)

    Glagolitic: ⱂⱃⰰⰲⱐⰴⰰ (pravĭda)

  • Bulgarian: пра́вда (právda)
  • Macedonian: правда (pravda)
  • Serbo-Croatian:
    • Cyrillic: пра̑вда
    • Latin: prȃvda
  • Slovene: prȃvda (tonal orthography) (dated)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: pravda
    • Czech: pravda
      • Bohemian (Chod dialect): pravda
      • Moravian (Mistřice): pravda
  • Kashubian: prôwda
  • Old Polish: prawda
    • Polish: prawda
  • Silesian: prŏwda
  • Slovak: pravda
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: prawda
    • Lower Sorbian: рšаwdа

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “правда”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
• Duridanov I., Račeva M., Todorov T., editor (1996), “правда”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 5, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 581

References

1. Snoj, Marko (2016), “pravda”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar³ (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *pra̋vьda”
2. Olander, Thomas (2001), “pravьda pravьdy”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (SA 73)”