< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pečalь
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Abstract deverbial noun reflecting Pre-Slavic *pekělь, formed as *pekti (“to bake”) + *-ělь. Underwent the same semantic shift burning → pain, burden → sadness, grief as Proto-Slavic *goře.
Noun
*pečalь f
- burden
- → (by abstraction) sadness, emotional pain
- Synonyms: *tǫga, *mǫka, *grustь
- (by specialization) sorrow, grief, mourning
- Synonyms: *gořestь, *skъrbь
- (regional) hard work
- → (by metonymy) profit, reward
Inflection
Declension of *pečalь (i-stem)
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | *pečalь | *pečali | *pečali |
Accusative | *pečalь | *pečali | *pečali |
Genitive | *pečali | *pečalьju, *pečaľu* | *pečalьjь, *pečali* |
Locative | *pečali | *pečalьju, *pečaľu* | *pečalьxъ |
Dative | *pečali | *pečalьma | *pečalьmъ |
Instrumental | *pečalьjǫ, *pečaľǫ* | *pečalьma | *pečalьmi |
Vocative | *pečali | *pečali | *pečali |
* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Related terms
- *pečenь (“baking, dish cooked in oven”)
- *peťь (“oven”)
- *pečьka (“cooker”)
- *pьklo (“scorching heat”)
- *pečivo (“cake, cookie, bread”)
- *peka (“roast, barbecue”)
- *pečatь (“seal, imprint”)
- *potъ (“sweat”)
Derived terms
- *opečalěnъ (“mourned, grieved”)
- *pečalьnъ (“sorrowful, traumatic, tragic”)
- *pečalьba (“gain, profit”)
- *pečaliti (“to profit, to gain a reward”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: печаль (pečalĭ)
- Belarusian: печа́ль (pječálʹ)
- Russian: печа́ль (pečálʹ)
- Ukrainian: печа́ль (pečálʹ)
- Old East Slavic: печаль (pečalĭ)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: печаль (pečalĭ)
- Bulgarian: печа́л (pečál, “sorrow, sadness”), пе́чал (péčal, “gain, profit”)
- Macedonian: печал (pečal)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: печаљ (obsolete)
- Latin: pečalj (obsolete)
- Slovene: реčа̑l
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “печаль”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Duridanov I., Račeva M., Todorov T., editor (1996), “печа̀л (sorrow)”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 5, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 211
- Duridanov I., Račeva M., Todorov T., editor (1996), “пѐчал (profit, gain)”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 5, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 211