< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/petьlъ
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Probably from Proto-Germanic *fattilaz (“fettle”) via i-umlaut on the root vowel. Less likely, continuing Proto-Indo-European *pet- (“to replicate, to span”) + *-ьlъ. Most descendants reflect the extension *petьľa, equivalent to *petьlъ + *-ja.
Polish and Slovene forms have been reanalyzed as *pętъľa[1] (or *pǫtъľa) as if from *pęto (“fetter”) + *-ъlъ + *-ja.
Noun
*petь̀lъ m
- loop, knot
- Synonyms: *ǫzlъ, *vьrzopъ, *primъka
- picklock
- (by extension) ornament, decoration
- Synonyms: *ukrasa, *оsъdoba
Alternative forms
- *petьlь m (per Vasmer)
- *petьľa f[2]
- *pętъľa f (reanalyzed, in Polish and Slovene)
Declension
Declension of *petь̀lъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm b)
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | *petь̀lъ | *petьlà | *petьlì |
Accusative | *petь̀lъ | *petьlà | *petьlỳ |
Genitive | *petьlà | *petьlù | *petь̀lъ |
Locative | *petьlě̀ | *petьlù | *petь̀lěxъ |
Dative | *petьlù | *petьlòma | *petьlòmъ |
Instrumental | *petьlъ̀mь, *petьlòmь* | *petьlòma | *petь̀ly |
Vocative | *petьle | *petьlà | *petьlì |
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
Derived terms
- *petьlati, *petьľati (“to knot, to dodge, to mess around”)
- *opetьlavati (“to tangle”)
- *petьlica (“buttonhole”)
- *petьlъka (“snare, button”)
- *petьlьnъ (“twined”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: петель (petelĭ)
- Belarusian: петля́ (pjetljá)
- Russian: пе́тля (pétlja), петля́ (petljá)
- Ukrainian: петля́ (petljá)
- South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: пете́л (petél, “ornament on ritual bread”) (dated), пе́тля (pétlja, “bun”)
- ⇒ Romanian: peteică (“button”)
- Macedonian: петел (petel, “picklock”) (dated)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: пе̏тља
- Latin: pȅtlja
- Slovene: péntlja, dial. pétlja
- Bulgarian: пете́л (petél, “ornament on ritual bread”) (dated), пе́тля (pétlja, “bun”)
- West Slavic:
- Polish: pętla (under the influence of pęto)
- ⇒ Old Czech: petlicě (diminutive)
- Czech: petlice
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “петля”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Duridanov I., Račeva M., Todorov T., editor (1996), “петелка”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 5, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 198
- Duridanov I., Račeva M., Todorov T., editor (1996), “петля”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 5, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 201
References
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “péntlja”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “*pętъľa̋”
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “péntlja”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “*petľa̋”