< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/perkъ
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Ultimately, from Proto-Indo-European *per-.
Adjective
*perkъ
- direct
Inflection
Indefinite declension of *perkъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *perkъ | *perka | *perko |
| Accusative | *perkъ | *perkǫ | *perko |
| Genitive | *perka | *perky | *perka |
| Locative | *percě | *percě | *percě |
| Dative | *perku | *percě | *perku |
| Instrumental | *perkomь | *perkojǫ | *perkomь |
| Vocative | *perče | *perko | *perko |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *perka | *percě | *percě |
| Accusative | *perka | *percě | *percě |
| Genitive | *perku | *perku | *perku |
| Locative | *perku | *perku | *perku |
| Dative | *perkoma | *perkama | *perkoma |
| Instrumental | *perkoma | *perkama | *perkoma |
| Vocative | *perka | *percě | *percě |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *perci | *perky | *perka |
| Accusative | *perky | *perky | *perka |
| Genitive | *perkъ | *perkъ | *perkъ |
| Locative | *percěxъ | *perkaxъ | *percěxъ |
| Dative | *perkomъ | *perkamъ | *perkomъ |
| Instrumental | *perky | *perkami | *perky |
| Vocative | *perci | *perky | *perka |
Definite declension of *perkъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *perkъjь | *perkaja | *perkoje |
| Accusative | *perkъjь | *perkǫjǫ | *perkoje |
| Genitive | *perkajego | *perkyję | *perkajego |
| Locative | *percějemь | *percěji | *percějemь |
| Dative | *perkujemu | *percěji | *perkujemu |
| Instrumental | *perkyjimi | *perkǫjǫ | *perkyjimi |
| Vocative | *perkъjь | *perkaja | *perkoje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *perkaja | *percěji | *percěji |
| Accusative | *perkaja | *percěji | *percěji |
| Genitive | *perkuju | *perkuju | *perkuju |
| Locative | *perkuju | *perkuju | *perkuju |
| Dative | *perkyjima | *perkyjima | *perkyjima |
| Instrumental | *perkyjima | *perkyjima | *perkyjima |
| Vocative | *perkaja | *percěji | *percěji |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *perciji | *perkyję | *perkaja |
| Accusative | *perkyję | *perkyję | *perkaja |
| Genitive | *perkъjixъ | *perkъjixъ | *perkъjixъ |
| Locative | *perkyjixъ | *perkyjixъ | *perkyjixъ |
| Dative | *perkyjimъ | *perkyjimъ | *perkyjimъ |
| Instrumental | *perkyjimi | *perkyjimi | *perkyjimi |
| Vocative | *perciji | *perkyję | *perkaja |
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: перекъ (perekŭ, “width, crossbeam”)
- ⇒ Old East Slavic: поперекъ (poperekŭ)
- Old Ruthenian: поперекъ (poperek)
- Ukrainian: попере́к (poperék)
- Russian: поперёк (poperjók)
- Old Ruthenian: поперекъ (poperek)
- Belarusian: пе́рек (pjérjek, “across”)
- ⇒ Ukrainian: пере́ка f (peréka, “contradiction”)
- ⇒ Old East Slavic: поперекъ (poperekŭ)
- Old East Slavic: перекъ (perekŭ, “width, crossbeam”)
- South Slavic:
- ⇒ Old Church Slavonic: прѣкꙑ (prěky, “across”)
- Bulgarian: пряк (prjak)
- Serbo-Croatian: пре̑к
- ⇒ Slovene: prèk (“across (preposition)”) (tonal orthography)
- West Slavic:
- ⇒ Old Czech: přieka
- ⇒ Czech: příka (“steepness”)
- ⇒ Polish: przeko (“across”) (obsolete)
- ⇒ Slovak: priek (“resistance”)
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: prěki (“across”)
- Lower Sorbian: pŕeki (“across”)
- ⇒ Old Czech: přieka
Further reading
- Duridanov I., Račeva M., Todorov T., editor (1996), “пряк”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 5, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 837
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “-перёк”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress