< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/paxati
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology 1
Unclear. Per Vasmer, probably onomatopoeic. Alternatively, related to Old Norse fǫnn (“snowdrift”) (< *fazn-), Old High German fesa (“chaff”) and perhaps Tocharian B pīsäl (“chaff”) via a tentative Proto-Indo-European root *pes- (“~ to blow”).
Verb
*paxati
- to sweep
Inflection
Conjugation of *paxati, *paxa, *pašetь (?, -a/j-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-ati
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *paxanьje | *paxati | *paxatъ | *paxalъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *paxanъ | *pašemъ |
| Active | *paxavъ | *pašę |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *paxaxъ | *paxa | *paxa | *pašǫ | *pašeši | *pašetь |
| Dual | *paxaxově | *paxasta | *paxaste | *paševě | *pašeta | *pašete |
| Plural | *paxaxomъ | *paxaste | *paxašę | *pašemъ | *pašete | *pašǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *paxaaxъ | *paxaaše | *paxaaše | — | *paši | *paši |
| Dual | *paxaaxově | *paxaašeta | *paxaašete | *pašivě | *pašita | — |
| Plural | *paxaaxomъ | *paxaašete | *paxaaxǫ | *pašimъ | *pašite | — |
Related terms
- *paxnǫti (“to smell of”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Russian: Archangelsk dialectal паха́ть (paxátʹ, “to sweep (the chimney)”), 1sg. пашу́ (pašú)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Cyrillic: пахати (paxati, “to wave, to agitate”)
- Glagolitic: [Term?]
- Bulgarian: па́хам (páham, “to sweep, to clean”)
- Macedonian: пае (pae, “to dry, to air”) (?)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: па̏хати (“to dust, to blow off”), 1sg. па̏ха̄м; па́хати (“to dust, to blow off; to stink”), 1sg. па̑ше̄м
- Latin: pȁxati (“to dust, to blow off”), 1sg. pȁxām; páxati (“to dust, to blow off; to stink”), 1sg. pȃšēm
- Slovene: páhati (“to dust, to brush off”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. pȃham (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: pachać (“to emit smoke, to smoke”)
- Lower Sorbian: pachaś (“to brush away”)
- Sorbian:
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*paxati I”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 389
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “паха́ть”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “pīsäl”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 417
Etymology 2
Unclear. Derksen suggests a vaguely possible relationship with *pasti (“to pasture”), but notes that the accentual properties of the root don't match. Chernykh suggests the same relationship. Vasmer conjectures a relationship with Latin pāla (“shovel, spade”), possibly < *pastlā, pastinum (“hoe for digging and loosening a vineyard”), and/or with Ossetian фадын (fadyn, “to split”), Old Armenian հատանեմ (hatanem, “to cut off, to cut into pieces”), հատու (hatu, “piercing, sharp”). Vasmer also notes that a relationship with *paxati (“to sweep”) is conceivable by taking into account the nature of the Russian plow, whose blade sweeps the soil aside.
Verb
*pāxàti
- to plow? to perform? to herd cattle? to dig?
Inflection
Conjugation of *paxati, *paxa, *pašetь (?, -a/j-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)
Suffix: *-ati
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *paxanьje | *paxati | *paxatъ | *paxalъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *paxanъ | *pašemъ |
| Active | *paxavъ | *pašę |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *paxaxъ | *paxa | *paxa | *pašǫ | *pašeši | *pašetь |
| Dual | *paxaxově | *paxasta | *paxaste | *paševě | *pašeta | *pašete |
| Plural | *paxaxomъ | *paxaste | *paxašę | *pašemъ | *pašete | *pašǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *paxaaxъ | *paxaaše | *paxaaše | — | *paši | *paši |
| Dual | *paxaaxově | *paxaašeta | *paxaašete | *pašivě | *pašita | — |
| Plural | *paxaaxomъ | *paxaašete | *paxaaxǫ | *pašimъ | *pašite | — |
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: пахати (paxati) (12th century)
- Russian: паха́ть (paxátʹ, “to plow, to till”), 1sg. пашу́ (pašú), 3sg. па́шет (pášet)
- Old East Slavic: пахати (paxati) (12th century)
- South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: dialectal па́хам (páham, “to plow and sow”)
- West Slavic:
- Czech: páchat (“to do, to make, (dialectal) to herd cattle”)
- Old Polish: pachać (“to dig, to cause harm”)
- Slovak: páchať (“to accomplish, to perform”)
References
- Chernykh, P. (1993), “паха́ть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*pāxàti II”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 389
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “паха́ть”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress