Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/paliti

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Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/paliti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Iterative stem of *polti (“to set on fire”) +‎ *-iti (whence dialectal Slovene pláti). Related to Lithuanian pelenaĩ (“ashes”), plė́nis (“speck, fine ashes”), Latvian plẽne (“white ashes on coals”), Old Prussian pelanne (“ashes”).

Further origin uncertain:

• Per Rix (LIV), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *pōl-eye-, a causative/iterative from the root *pel- (“to propel, to evolve, to fold”).
• Per Derksen from the root *pelh₁-, probably meaning “to stroke, to pound”, with a laryngeal due to the evidence of a Balto-Slavic acute. Cognate with Ancient Greek πάλλω (pállō, “to sway”), possibly Proto-West Germanic *fōlijan (“to feel”). Compare *pèlti.

Verb

*pālìti[1][2][3]

1. to burn, to singe

Inflection

Conjugation of *paliti, *pali, *palitь (?, -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)

Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*paľenьje	*paliti	*palitъ	*palilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*paľenъ	*palimъ
Active	*paľь	*palę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*palixъ	*pali	*pali	*paľǫ	*pališi	*palitь
Dual	*palixově	*palista	*paliste	*palivě	*palita	*palite
Plural	*palixomъ	*paliste	*pališę	*palimъ	*palite	*palętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*paľaaxъ	*paľaaše	*paľaaše	—	*pali	*pali
Dual	*paľaaxově	*paľaašeta	*paľaašete	*palivě	*palita	—
Plural	*paľaaxomъ	*paľaašete	*paľaaxǫ	*palimъ	*palite	—

Notes:
• (*)*palivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Derived terms

• *paľakъ (“hot-tempered person”)
• *paličь (“ignitor (agent)”)
• *palidlo (“igniter (tool)”)
• *palivo (“fuel”)
• *paležь (“arson”)
• *palьba (“firing, ignition”)
• *palъkъ m (“burst”), *palъka f (“ignition”)
  • *podъpalъka
  • *napalъka
  • *orzpalъka
  • *zapalъka
• *palavъ (“playful, energetic”)
• *zapaliti
• *upaliti
• *orzpaliti
• *podъpaliti
• *jьzpaliti
• *popaliti

Related terms

• *polti (“to set on fire”)
• *polpolati (“to enflame”)
• *polěti (“to burn”) (ě/i-conj.)
• *pȅpelъ, *pȍpelъ (“ashes”)
• *pelynъ m / *pelynь f (“wormwood”)
• *pòlmy (“flame”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: палити (paliti) (accent paradigm b)
    • Belarusian: палі́ць (palícʹ)
      • (Turov): палі́ць (palícʹ)
      • (Vitebsk): палі́ць (palícʹ)
      • (Northwestern Belarus): палі́ць (palícʹ)
      • (Eastren Mogilev): палі́ць (palícʹ)
    • Rusyn: пали́ти (palýty)
      • (Boyko dialect): пали́ти (palýty)
    • Russian: пали́ть (palítʹ)
    • Ukrainian: пали́ти (palýty)
      • (Bukovina): палі́ти (palíti)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: палити (paliti)

    Glagolitic: ⱂⰰⰾⰻⱅⰻ (paliti)

  • Bulgarian: па́ля (pálja)
  • Macedonian: пали (pali)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic: па́лити

    Latin: páliti

    • Shtokavian (Dubrovnik): pálit
    • Shtokavian (Zagarač): па̄ли̏т
    • Chakavian (Vrgada): pᵒālȉti
    • Chakavian (Orbanići): pālȉt
    • Chakavian (Orlec): palȉt
    • Chakavian (Brusje): pōlȉt
    • Chakavian (Grobnik): pālȉt
    • Chakavian (Susak island): pålȉt
    • Chakavian (Prvić Šepurine): pálȉti
    • Chakavian (Orbanići): pālȉt
    • Kajkavian (Ozalj): páliti
    • Kajkavian (Varaždin): p'aliti
  • Old Slovene: páliti
    • Slovene: páliti (tonal orthography)
    • Rovte dialect (Črni vrh, Idrija): pȃlť
    • Lower Carniolan (Kostel dialect): ˈpaːl’t
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: páliti
    • Czech: pálit
  • Kashubian: pôlëc
  • Old Polish: palić
    • Polish: palić
      • Lesser Polish (Więciórka): påľić
  • Silesian: pŏlić
  • Old Slovak: páliť
    • Slovak: páliť
  • Slovincian: pȧ̃lěc
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: palić
    • Lower Sorbian: paliś

Non-Slavic:

• → Romanian: păli (“to burn, to strike”)

Further reading

• Varbot, Zh. Zh., editor (2018), “*paliti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 41 (*pala – *pažьnъ(јь)), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 41
• Chernykh, P. (1993), “пали́ть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1 (а – пантомима), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 617
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “пали́ть”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
• Duridanov I., Račeva M., Todorov T., editor (1996), “паля”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 5, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 29

References

1. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*pālìti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 390
2. Olander, Thomas (2001), “paliti: paljǫ palitь”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b brænde (PR 137)”
3. Snoj, Marko (2016), “paliti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar³ (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *pali̋ti”