< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ovadъ
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Morphologically from *o(b)- + *(v)adъ. Proposed etymologies for the stem element:
- Miklošič, Brugmann, Zubatý: Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ṓˀdas (“biter, stinger”), either from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ed- (“to bite”) or possibly an o-grade of *h₁ed- (“to eat”). Cognate with Lithuanian úodas (“mosquito”), Latvian uôds, ods (“gnat, mosquito”). Compare also dialectal Belarusian вадзе́нь (vadzjénʹ, “gadfly”) (earlier *(v)adьňь).
- Pokorny: From Proto-Indo-European *wedʰ- (“to shove, to push”), akin to Sanskrit वध् (vadh, “to slay, to strike down”), Ancient Greek ὠθέω (ōthéō, “to push”).
- Machek: From a substrate language, possibly related to Latin tabānus (“gadfly”).
Trubachev alternatively interprets the word as a compound of *ov- (“sheep”) + *adъ (“eater, biter”), since warble flies (and related insects) usually attack livestock.
Noun
*ovadъ m[1]
- biting insect (horsefly/stable fly/gadfly, hornet)
Alternative forms
- *obadъ
- *ovodъ (East Slavic)
Inflection
Declension of *ovadъ (hard o-stem)
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | *ovadъ | *ovada | *ovadi |
Accusative | *ovadъ | *ovada | *ovady |
Genitive | *ovada | *ovadu | *ovadъ |
Locative | *ovadě | *ovadu | *ovaděxъ |
Dative | *ovadu | *ovadoma | *ovadomъ |
Instrumental | *ovadъmь, *ovadomь* | *ovadoma | *ovady |
Vocative | *ovade | *ovada | *ovadi |
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
Related terms
- *jadъ (“hate, anger”)
- *ědъ (“eating”), *ědьcь (“eater”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: оводъ (ovodŭ)
- Belarusian: ава́д (avád, “warble fly”)
- Russian: о́вад (óvad), о́вод (óvod)
- Ukrainian: о́вад (óvad), о́від (óvid)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: овадъ (ovadŭ), обадъ (obadŭ) (Serbian rendition)
- Bulgarian: о́вад (óvad, “stable fly, hornet”) (dialectal)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: о̏ба̄д
- Latin: ȍbād
- Kajkavian (Bednja): ebȃod
- Slovene: obȃd (tonal orthography)
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: ovád (“horsefly”)
- Czech: ovád (“horsefly”)
- Bohemian (Chod dialect): hovád (“horsefly”)
- Czech: ovád (“horsefly”)
- Kashubian: òwôd
- Polish: owad
- Silesian: ôwad
- Old Slovak: ovad
- Slovak: ovad
- Old Czech: ovád (“horsefly”)
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “овод”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Zhuravlyov, A. F., editor (2014), “*ovadъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 39 (*otъtęti – *ozgǫba), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 185
- Georgiev V. I., Duridanov I., editor (1995), “овад”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 4, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 743
- овад in Горох.ua (Етимологія)
References
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “obad”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “Pslovan. verjetno *ȍvadъ (ali *ova̋dъ)”