< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/orvьnъ
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *arw-. Morphologically from *orvò + *-ьnъ. Cognate with Old Prussian arwis (“true, definite”).
Adjective
*õrvьnъ[1]
- straight
- even
Inflection
Indefinite declension of *orvьnъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *orvьnъ | *orvьna | *orvьno |
| Accusative | *orvьnъ | *orvьnǫ | *orvьno |
| Genitive | *orvьna | *orvьny | *orvьna |
| Locative | *orvьně | *orvьně | *orvьně |
| Dative | *orvьnu | *orvьně | *orvьnu |
| Instrumental | *orvьnomь | *orvьnojǫ | *orvьnomь |
| Vocative | *orvьne | *orvьno | *orvьno |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *orvьna | *orvьně | *orvьně |
| Accusative | *orvьna | *orvьně | *orvьně |
| Genitive | *orvьnu | *orvьnu | *orvьnu |
| Locative | *orvьnu | *orvьnu | *orvьnu |
| Dative | *orvьnoma | *orvьnama | *orvьnoma |
| Instrumental | *orvьnoma | *orvьnama | *orvьnoma |
| Vocative | *orvьna | *orvьně | *orvьně |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *orvьni | *orvьny | *orvьna |
| Accusative | *orvьny | *orvьny | *orvьna |
| Genitive | *orvьnъ | *orvьnъ | *orvьnъ |
| Locative | *orvьněxъ | *orvьnaxъ | *orvьněxъ |
| Dative | *orvьnomъ | *orvьnamъ | *orvьnomъ |
| Instrumental | *orvьny | *orvьnami | *orvьny |
| Vocative | *orvьni | *orvьny | *orvьna |
Definite declension of *orvьnъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *orvьnъjь | *orvьnaja | *orvьnoje |
| Accusative | *orvьnъjь | *orvьnǫjǫ | *orvьnoje |
| Genitive | *orvьnajego | *orvьnyję | *orvьnajego |
| Locative | *orvьnějemь | *orvьněji | *orvьnějemь |
| Dative | *orvьnujemu | *orvьněji | *orvьnujemu |
| Instrumental | *orvьnyjimi | *orvьnǫjǫ | *orvьnyjimi |
| Vocative | *orvьnъjь | *orvьnaja | *orvьnoje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *orvьnaja | *orvьněji | *orvьněji |
| Accusative | *orvьnaja | *orvьněji | *orvьněji |
| Genitive | *orvьnuju | *orvьnuju | *orvьnuju |
| Locative | *orvьnuju | *orvьnuju | *orvьnuju |
| Dative | *orvьnyjima | *orvьnyjima | *orvьnyjima |
| Instrumental | *orvьnyjima | *orvьnyjima | *orvьnyjima |
| Vocative | *orvьnaja | *orvьněji | *orvьněji |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *orvьniji | *orvьnyję | *orvьnaja |
| Accusative | *orvьnyję | *orvьnyję | *orvьnaja |
| Genitive | *orvьnъjixъ | *orvьnъjixъ | *orvьnъjixъ |
| Locative | *orvьnyjixъ | *orvьnyjixъ | *orvьnyjixъ |
| Dative | *orvьnyjimъ | *orvьnyjimъ | *orvьnyjimъ |
| Instrumental | *orvьnyjimi | *orvьnyjimi | *orvьnyjimi |
| Vocative | *orvьniji | *orvьnyję | *orvьnaja |
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: ровьнъ (rovĭnŭ)
- Belarusian: ро́ўны (róŭny)
- Russian: ро́вный (róvnyj)
- Ukrainian: рі́вний (rívnyj)
- Old East Slavic: ровьнъ (rovĭnŭ)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: равьнъ (ravĭnŭ)
- → Russian: ра́вный (rávnyj)
- Bulgarian: ра́вен (ráven)
- → Romanian: reavăn
- Macedonian: рамен (ramen) (with regressive assimilation)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: ра́ван
- Latin: rávan
- Slovene: rávən (tonal orthography)
- Rovte dialect (Črni vrh, Idrija): rȃu̯n
- Old Church Slavonic: равьнъ (ravĭnŭ)
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: rovný
- Czech: rovný
- Bohemian (Chod dialect): rovnyj
- Czech: rovný
- Polabian: ruovnė
- Polish: równy
- Slovak: rovný
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: runy
- Lower Sorbian: rowny
- Old Czech: rovný
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “ровный”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
References
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “ráven”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “*órvьnъ”