< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/orbъ
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *árbas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃órbʰos (“orphan”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὀρφανός (orphanós, “orphaned”), Latin orbus (“orphaned”), Old Armenian որբ (orb, “orphan; orphaned”) and Sanskrit अर्भ (árbha, “child; small”). Per Derksen, probably also cognate with Proto-Germanic *arbaidiz.
Noun
*õrbъ m[1][2][3]
- servant, slave
Declension
Declension of *õrbъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm b)
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | *õrbъ | *ōrbà | *ōrbì |
Accusative | *õrbъ | *ōrbà | *ōrbỳ |
Genitive | *ōrbà | *ōrbù | *õrbъ |
Locative | *ōrbě̀ | *ōrbù | *õrběxъ |
Dative | *ōrbù | *ōrbòma | *ōrbòmъ |
Instrumental | *ōrbъ̀mь, *ōrbòmь* | *ōrbòma | *õrby |
Vocative | *orbe | *ōrbà | *ōrbì |
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
Derived terms
- *orběti
- *orbinъ
- *orbiti (“to do, to work”)
- *orbota (“work”)
- *orbovati
- *orbyni (“female slave, maid”)
- *orbьcь
- *orbьja
- *orbьjь (“laborous”)
- *orbьnъ
- *orbьskъ
- *orbьstvo
- *orb(j)enьje
- *orbotati
- *orbotędzь / *orbotęgъ / *orbotęga
- *orbotiti
- *orbotizna / *orbotiznь
- *orboťь
- *orbotъka
- *orbotьlivъ
- *orbotьnъ
- *orbotьnica
- *orbotьnikъ
- *orbotьničь
- *paorbъkъ
Related terms
- *orbę
Descendants
Note that the descendants exhibit a metathesis of the liquid r (*or- > ro-; ra-):
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: робъ (robŭ)
- Old Ruthenian: робъ (rob)
- Ukrainian: роб (rob)
- Old Ruthenian: робъ (rob)
- Old East Slavic: робъ (robŭ)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Old Cyrillic: рабъ (rabŭ)
- Glagolitic: ⱃⰰⰱⱏ (rabŭ)
- → Old East Slavic: рабъ (rabŭ)
- Old Ruthenian: рабъ (rab)
- Belarusian: раб (rab)
- Ukrainian: раб (rab)
- Russian: раб (rab)
- Old Ruthenian: рабъ (rab)
- → Old Novgorodian:
- Old Cyrillic: рабе (rabe)
- Glagolitic: ⱃⰰⰱⰵ (rabe)
- Bulgarian: раб (rab)
- Macedonian: раб (rab)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Czech: rob
- → Bulgarian: роб (rob)
- → Macedonian: роб (rob)
- → Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: роб
- Latin: rob
- → Slovene: rob
- Non-Slavic:
- → Hungarian: rab
- → Romanian: rob
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, Zhuravlyov, A. F., editors (2005), “*orbъ/*orba”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 32 (*obžьnъ – *orzbotati), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 131
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “раб”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Савва Михайлович (2012), “22 Древнерусских глаголических надписи-граффити XI–XII веков из Новгорода” in Slovo, vol. 62, pp. 63-99.
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*orbъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 373: “m. o ‘servant, slave’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “orbъ”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b? slave (PR 134)”
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “rọ̑b”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “*orbъ̏”