< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/orbota
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *arbatā. Morphologically from *orbъ + *-ota. Similar to Proto-Germanic *arbaidiz (“labour; hardship”), but with a different suffix.
Noun
*orbòta f
- work
Inflection
Declension of *orbota (hard a-stem)
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | *orbota | *orbotě | *orboty |
Accusative | *orbotǫ | *orbotě | *orboty |
Genitive | *orboty | *orbotu | *orbotъ |
Locative | *orbotě | *orbotu | *orbotasъ, *orbotaxъ* |
Dative | *orbotě | *orbotama | *orbotamъ |
Instrumental | *orbotojǫ, *orbotǫ** | *orbotama | *orbotami |
Vocative | *orboto | *orbotě | *orboty |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Related terms
- *orbъ
Derived terms
- *orboťь
- *orbotьlivъ
- *orbotьnikъ
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: робота (robota)
- Belarusian: рабо́та (rabóta)
- Russian: рабо́та (rabóta), робо́та (robóta) (dialectal)
- Rusyn: робота (robota)
- Ukrainian: робо́та (robóta)
- Old East Slavic: робота (robota)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Cyrillic: работа (rabota)
- Glagolitic: ⱃⰰⰱⱁⱅⰰ (rabota)
- Russian: рабо́та (rabóta)
- Bulgarian: ра́бота (rábota)
- Macedonian: ра́бота (rábota)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: ра̀бота
- Latin: ràbota
- Chakavian (Vrgada): rȁbota
- Slovene: rabọ̑ta (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: robota
- Czech: robota
- Kashubian: robòta
- Old Polish: robota
- Polish: robota
- Slovak: robota
- Slovincian: rɵbʉ̀ɵ̯tă
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: robota
- Lower Sorbian: robota
- Old Czech: robota
References
- Trubachyov, Oleg, Zhuravlev, A. F., editors (2005), “*orbota”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), volume 32 (*obžьnъ – *orzbotati), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 119
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*orbòta”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 373
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “рабо́та”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress