< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/olkъtь
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From pre-Slavic *olkъ (“ell”) + *-ъtь (cf. dial. Bulgarian лак m (lak), ла́ко n (láko)), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *Heh₃l-. Root stem cognate with Latvian ȩ̀lks (“elbow, bend”), Lithuanian alkū́nė (“elbow”) (dial. elkū̃nė), Old Prussian alkunis (“elbow”), affixed with n-suffix instead. Furhter akin to Lithuanian úolektis (“ell”), Latvian uôlekts (“ell”), Old Prussian woaltis (“forearm”) (with ō-grade).
Outside of Balto-Slavic, closest relative is Old Armenian ուղուկ (ułuk, “shank”).
Noun
*ȍlkъtь m[1][2][3][4]
- elbow
Declension
Declension of *ȏlkъtь (soft o-stem, accent paradigm c)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *ȏlkъtь | *ȏlkъta | *ȏlkъti |
| Accusative | *ȏlkъtь | *ȏlkъta | *ȏlkъtę̇ |
| Genitive | *ȏlkъta | *olkъtù | *olkъ̀tь |
| Locative | *ȏlkъti | *olkъtù | *olkъtĩxъ |
| Dative | *ȏlkъtu | *olkъtemà | *olkъtèmъ |
| Instrumental | *ȏlkъtьmь, *ȏlkъtemь* | *olkъtemà | *olkъtí |
| Vocative | *olkъtu | *ȏlkъta | *ȏlkъti |
* -ьmь in North Slavic, -emь in South Slavic.
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: ло́къть (lókŭtĭ)
- Old Ruthenian: ло́коть (lókotʹ)
- Belarusian: ло́каць (lókacʹ), ло́кець (lókjecʹ) (dialectal)
- Ukrainian: лі́коть (líkotʹ), ло́кіть (lókitʹ), ло́коть (lókotʹ)
- Middle Russian: ло́коть (lókotʹ)
- Russian: ло́коть (lókotʹ), ло́ко́т (lókót) (dialectal)
- Old Ruthenian: ло́коть (lókotʹ)
- Old Novgorodian: локоть (lokotĭ)
- Old East Slavic: ло́къть (lókŭtĭ)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Old Cyrillic: лакъть (lakŭtĭ)
- Glagolitic: ⰾⰰⰽⱏⱅⱐ (lakŭtĭ)
- Bulgarian: ла́кът (lákǎt), ла́кат (lákat), ла́кет (láket), ла́кят (lákjat) (dialectal)
- Macedonian: лакт (lakt), лакот (lakot), лакто (lakto)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: ла̑кат, ло̑кат, ла̏кат (dialectal)
- Latin: lȃkat, lȏkat, lȁkat (dialectal)
- Kajkavian Serbo-Croatian: lãket
- Slovene: lȃket, lakȃt (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: loket
- Czech: loket, łokeť (dialectal)
- Knaanic: לוקיט (lokit)
- Kashubian: łokc
- Polabian: lüťit
- Old Polish: łokieć
- Polish: łokieć
- Silesian: łokeć
- Slovak: lakeť, lokeť
- Slovincian: lʉ̀ɵ̯kc
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: łokś
- Upper Sorbian: łohć
- Old Czech: loket
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, Zhuravlyov, A. F., editors (2005), “*olkъtъ/ь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 32 (*obžьnъ – *orzbotati), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 65
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “ло́коть”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Georgiev V. I., editor (1986), “лак²”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 288
- Georgiev V. I., editor (1986), “лакът”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 294
- “alkūnė”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*ȍlkъtь; *ȍlkъtъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 368
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “olkъtь”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c albue (PR 138)”
- Kapović, Mate (2007), “The Development of Proto-Slavic Quantity”, in Wiener Slavistisches Jahrbuch, University of Vienna, page 8: “*ȏlkъtъ”
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “laket”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *ȏlkъtь”