< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-okъ
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology 1
Nominal suffix, derived from *-kъ appended to o-stems *-ъ, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-kós.
Suffix
*-òkъ m
- (Regional) From feminine animal nouns (usually in i-stem), forms the respective masculine counter-part (in South Slavic)
- *pъtъka (“duck”) → *pъtokъ (“drake”)
- *mečьka f (“bear”) → *mečokъ f (“bear”)
- *gǫsь (“goose”) → *gǫsokъ (“gander”)
- *myšь f (“mouse”) → *myšokъ m (“mouse”)
- From adjectives, forms a carrier of the adjective
- Synonyms: *-ьcь, *-ežь, *-ьjь
- *moldъ (“young”) → *moldokъ (“novice, youth, young tree”)
- *starъ (“old”) → *starokъ (“veteran, elderly”)
- *slěpъ (“blind”) → *slěpokъ (“blind creature/person”)
- Pre-Slavic *sklǫbъ (“lateral”) → *xlǫbokъ (“hip”)
- From prepositions, forms a carrier of the adjective
- 0-grade of *per (“for, per”) → *prokъ (“remnant, remainder”)
Declension
Declension of *-okъ (hard o-stem)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *-okъ | *-oka | *-oci |
| Accusative | *-okъ | *-oka | *-oky |
| Genitive | *-oka | *-oku | *-okъ |
| Locative | *-ocě | *-oku | *-ocěxъ |
| Dative | *-oku | *-okoma | *-okomъ |
| Instrumental | *-okъmь, *-okomь* | *-okoma | *-oky |
| Vocative | *-oče | *-oka | *-oci |
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
Related terms
- *-opъ, *-otъ, *-očь
- *-akъ
- *-ъkъ m, *-ъka f
- *-ьcь m, *-ica f, *-ьce n
Etymology 2
Adjectival suffix, derived from *-kъ appended to o-stems *-ъ, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-kos.
Suffix
*-òkъ
- From gauge nouns in i-stem, forms adjectives with pertaining meaning: -y
- *glǫbь (“depth”) → *glǫbokъ (“deep”)
- *vysь (“height, elevation”) → *vysokъ (“high, elevated”)
- *širь (“scope, vast space”) → *širokъ (“wide”)
- *dalь (“distance”) → *dalekъ (“distant”)
- *žestь (“stiffness”) → *žestokъ (“cruel, severe”)
- Pre-Slavic *grǫstь (“roughness, cavity”) → *grǫstokъ (“rough, sturdy”)
Alternative forms
- *-ekъ (when appended to yo-stems)
Declension
Indefinite declension of *-okъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *-okъ | *-oka | *-oko |
| Accusative | *-okъ | *-okǫ | *-oko |
| Genitive | *-oka | *-oky | *-oka |
| Locative | *-ocě | *-ocě | *-ocě |
| Dative | *-oku | *-ocě | *-oku |
| Instrumental | *-okomь | *-okojǫ | *-okomь |
| Vocative | *-oče | *-oko | *-oko |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *-oka | *-ocě | *-ocě |
| Accusative | *-oka | *-ocě | *-ocě |
| Genitive | *-oku | *-oku | *-oku |
| Locative | *-oku | *-oku | *-oku |
| Dative | *-okoma | *-okama | *-okoma |
| Instrumental | *-okoma | *-okama | *-okoma |
| Vocative | *-oka | *-ocě | *-ocě |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *-oci | *-oky | *-oka |
| Accusative | *-oky | *-oky | *-oka |
| Genitive | *-okъ | *-okъ | *-okъ |
| Locative | *-ocěxъ | *-okaxъ | *-ocěxъ |
| Dative | *-okomъ | *-okamъ | *-okomъ |
| Instrumental | *-oky | *-okami | *-oky |
| Vocative | *-oci | *-oky | *-oka |
Definite declension of *-okъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *-okъjь | *-okaja | *-okoje |
| Accusative | *-okъjь | *-okǫjǫ | *-okoje |
| Genitive | *-okajego | *-okyję | *-okajego |
| Locative | *-ocějemь | *-ocěji | *-ocějemь |
| Dative | *-okujemu | *-ocěji | *-okujemu |
| Instrumental | *-okyjimi | *-okǫjǫ | *-okyjimi |
| Vocative | *-okъjь | *-okaja | *-okoje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *-okaja | *-ocěji | *-ocěji |
| Accusative | *-okaja | *-ocěji | *-ocěji |
| Genitive | *-okuju | *-okuju | *-okuju |
| Locative | *-okuju | *-okuju | *-okuju |
| Dative | *-okyjima | *-okyjima | *-okyjima |
| Instrumental | *-okyjima | *-okyjima | *-okyjima |
| Vocative | *-okaja | *-ocěji | *-ocěji |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *-ociji | *-okyję | *-okaja |
| Accusative | *-okyję | *-okyję | *-okaja |
| Genitive | *-okъjixъ | *-okъjixъ | *-okъjixъ |
| Locative | *-okyjixъ | *-okyjixъ | *-okyjixъ |
| Dative | *-okyjimъ | *-okyjimъ | *-okyjimъ |
| Instrumental | *-okyjimi | *-okyjimi | *-okyjimi |
| Vocative | *-ociji | *-okyję | *-okaja |
Derived terms
Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-okъ
Category Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ekъ not found
References
- Georgiev V. I., Duridanov I., editor (1995), “мишо̀к¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 4, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 144
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1992), “*moldokъ/*moldoka”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 19 (*męs⁽'⁾arь – *morzakъ), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 169
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1983), “*grǫstokъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 9 (*jьz – *klenьje), Moscow: Nauka, page 147
Further reading
- Villnow Komárková, Jana; Blažek, Václav (2011), “Slovanské *širъ & *širokъ”, in Linguistica Brunensia, volume 59, issue 1-2, page 122