< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/o(b)sada
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From *o(b)- + *sadъ (“seat, setting”) + *-а, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sed- (“to sit”). Akin to Latin obsideō (“to besiege; to inhabit”).
Noun
*o(b)sada f
- settlement, administrative unit (West Slavic)
- siege (South and East Slavic)
- Synonym: *obloga
Declension
Declension of *o(b)sada (hard a-stem)
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | *o(b)sada | *o(b)sadě | *o(b)sady |
Accusative | *o(b)sadǫ | *o(b)sadě | *o(b)sady |
Genitive | *o(b)sady | *o(b)sadu | *o(b)sadъ |
Locative | *o(b)sadě | *o(b)sadu | *o(b)sadasъ, *o(b)sadaxъ* |
Dative | *o(b)sadě | *o(b)sadama | *o(b)sadamъ |
Instrumental | *o(b)sadojǫ, *o(b)sadǫ** | *o(b)sadama | *o(b)sadami |
Vocative | *o(b)sado | *o(b)sadě | *o(b)sady |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Related terms
- *sěsti (“to sit down”)
- *sěděti (“to sit”)
- *saditi (“to plant”)
- *orzsadъ (“seedlings”)
- *posadъ (“saplings”)
- *nasaďenьje (“plantation”)
Derived terms
- *o(b)saditi (“to siege, to surround”)
- *o(b)sadьnъ (“sieged, surrounded”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: обсада (obsada)
- Belarusian: aса́да (asáda, “nozzle”)
- Russian: оса́да (osáda)
- Ukrainian: оса́да (osáda, “settlement”)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: обсада (obsada)
- Bulgarian: обсада (obsada)
- Macedonian: опсада (opsada)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: о̏псада
- Latin: ȍpsada
- Slovene: osàd m
- West Slavic:
- Czech: osada (“settlement”)
- Polish: obsada (“cast”), osada (“settlement”)
- Slovak: osada (“settlement”)
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: wosada
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “осада”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (2002), “*obsada/*obsadъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 29 (*obpovědati – *obsojьnica), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 145
- Georgiev V. I., Duridanov I., editor (1995), “обсаждам, обсадя”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 4, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 757