< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/o(b)pasьnъ
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From *o(b)pasъ (“alert, heed”) + *-ьnъ, from *o(b)pasti (“to attend, to overwatch”), from *o(b)- + *pasti (“to pasture; to herd”).
Adjective
*o(b)pasьnъ
- circumspect, vigilant, wary, attentive
- Synonyms: *motrъ, *bъditeľьnъ, *ostoržьnъ
- (abstract) dangerous, threatening (requiring attention, alertness)
- Synonym: *nevarьnъ
Declension
Indefinite declension of *o(b)pasьnъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *o(b)pasьnъ | *o(b)pasьna | *o(b)pasьno |
| Accusative | *o(b)pasьnъ | *o(b)pasьnǫ | *o(b)pasьno |
| Genitive | *o(b)pasьna | *o(b)pasьny | *o(b)pasьna |
| Locative | *o(b)pasьně | *o(b)pasьně | *o(b)pasьně |
| Dative | *o(b)pasьnu | *o(b)pasьně | *o(b)pasьnu |
| Instrumental | *o(b)pasьnomь | *o(b)pasьnojǫ | *o(b)pasьnomь |
| Vocative | *o(b)pasьne | *o(b)pasьno | *o(b)pasьno |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *o(b)pasьna | *o(b)pasьně | *o(b)pasьně |
| Accusative | *o(b)pasьna | *o(b)pasьně | *o(b)pasьně |
| Genitive | *o(b)pasьnu | *o(b)pasьnu | *o(b)pasьnu |
| Locative | *o(b)pasьnu | *o(b)pasьnu | *o(b)pasьnu |
| Dative | *o(b)pasьnoma | *o(b)pasьnama | *o(b)pasьnoma |
| Instrumental | *o(b)pasьnoma | *o(b)pasьnama | *o(b)pasьnoma |
| Vocative | *o(b)pasьna | *o(b)pasьně | *o(b)pasьně |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *o(b)pasьni | *o(b)pasьny | *o(b)pasьna |
| Accusative | *o(b)pasьny | *o(b)pasьny | *o(b)pasьna |
| Genitive | *o(b)pasьnъ | *o(b)pasьnъ | *o(b)pasьnъ |
| Locative | *o(b)pasьněxъ | *o(b)pasьnaxъ | *o(b)pasьněxъ |
| Dative | *o(b)pasьnomъ | *o(b)pasьnamъ | *o(b)pasьnomъ |
| Instrumental | *o(b)pasьny | *o(b)pasьnami | *o(b)pasьny |
| Vocative | *o(b)pasьni | *o(b)pasьny | *o(b)pasьna |
Definite declension of *o(b)pasьnъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *o(b)pasьnъjь | *o(b)pasьnaja | *o(b)pasьnoje |
| Accusative | *o(b)pasьnъjь | *o(b)pasьnǫjǫ | *o(b)pasьnoje |
| Genitive | *o(b)pasьnajego | *o(b)pasьnyję | *o(b)pasьnajego |
| Locative | *o(b)pasьnějemь | *o(b)pasьněji | *o(b)pasьnějemь |
| Dative | *o(b)pasьnujemu | *o(b)pasьněji | *o(b)pasьnujemu |
| Instrumental | *o(b)pasьnyjimi | *o(b)pasьnǫjǫ | *o(b)pasьnyjimi |
| Vocative | *o(b)pasьnъjь | *o(b)pasьnaja | *o(b)pasьnoje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *o(b)pasьnaja | *o(b)pasьněji | *o(b)pasьněji |
| Accusative | *o(b)pasьnaja | *o(b)pasьněji | *o(b)pasьněji |
| Genitive | *o(b)pasьnuju | *o(b)pasьnuju | *o(b)pasьnuju |
| Locative | *o(b)pasьnuju | *o(b)pasьnuju | *o(b)pasьnuju |
| Dative | *o(b)pasьnyjima | *o(b)pasьnyjima | *o(b)pasьnyjima |
| Instrumental | *o(b)pasьnyjima | *o(b)pasьnyjima | *o(b)pasьnyjima |
| Vocative | *o(b)pasьnaja | *o(b)pasьněji | *o(b)pasьněji |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *o(b)pasьniji | *o(b)pasьnyję | *o(b)pasьnaja |
| Accusative | *o(b)pasьnyję | *o(b)pasьnyję | *o(b)pasьnaja |
| Genitive | *o(b)pasьnъjixъ | *o(b)pasьnъjixъ | *o(b)pasьnъjixъ |
| Locative | *o(b)pasьnyjixъ | *o(b)pasьnyjixъ | *o(b)pasьnyjixъ |
| Dative | *o(b)pasьnyjimъ | *o(b)pasьnyjimъ | *o(b)pasьnyjimъ |
| Instrumental | *o(b)pasьnyjimi | *o(b)pasьnyjimi | *o(b)pasьnyjimi |
| Vocative | *o(b)pasьniji | *o(b)pasьnyję | *o(b)pasьnaja |
Derived terms
- *bezo(b)pasьnъ (“safe, sacure”)
- *o(b)pasьnostь (“dangerous situation”)
Related terms
- *o(b)pasati (sę) (“to apprehend, to fear”)
- *o(b)pasivъ, *o(b)pasьlivъ (“wary, cautious”)
- *o(b)pasъka (“attention”)
- *sъpasъ (“guard, protector”)
- *sъpasiti (“to save”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: опаснꙑи (opasnyj)
- Middle Russian: опасный (opasnyj)
- Russian: опа́сный (opásnyj); о́пасный (ópasnyj) (dialectal)
- → Polish: opaśny (archaic)
- Russian: опа́сный (opásnyj); о́пасный (ópasnyj) (dialectal)
- Middle Russian: опасный (opasnyj)
- Old East Slavic: опаснꙑи (opasnyj)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Old Cyrillic: опасьнъ (opasĭnŭ)
- Glagolitic: ⱁⱂⰰⱄⱐⱀⱏ (opasĭnŭ)
- Bulgarian: опа́сен (opásen)
- Macedonian: опасен (opasen)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: о̏па̄сан
- Latin: ȍpāsan
- Slovene: opásən (tonal orthography) (dialectal)
- Old Church Slavonic:
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (2001), “*obpasьnъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 28 (*oblězti – *obpovědanьje), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 166
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “опа́сный”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Duridanov I., Račeva M., Todorov T., editor (1996), “опас²”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 5, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 896