< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/nyřati
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Alternative forms
- *nirati
- *nyrati
Etymology
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian nérti (“to dive”), also nãras (“hole, lair”), narà (“hole, lair”) (both dialectal).
Verb
*nyřati impf
- to immerse oneself? to dive?
Inflection
Conjugation of *nyřati, *nyřa, *nyřajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-ati
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *nyřanьje | *nyřati | *nyřatъ | *nyřalъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *nyřanъ | *nyřajemъ |
| Active | *nyřavъ | *nyřaję |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *nyřaxъ | *nyřa | *nyřa | *nyřajǫ | *nyřaješi | *nyřajetь |
| Dual | *nyřaxově | *nyřasta | *nyřaste | *nyřajevě | *nyřajeta | *nyřajete |
| Plural | *nyřaxomъ | *nyřaste | *nyřašę | *nyřajemъ | *nyřajete | *nyřajǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *nyřaaxъ | *nyřaaše | *nyřaaše | — | *nyřaji | *nyřaji |
| Dual | *nyřaaxově | *nyřaašeta | *nyřaašete | *nyřajivě | *nyřajita | — |
| Plural | *nyřaaxomъ | *nyřaašete | *nyřaaxǫ | *nyřajimъ | *nyřajite | — |
Conjugation of *nyrati, *nyra, *nyřetь (impf., -a/j-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-ati
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *nyranьje | *nyrati | *nyratъ | *nyralъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *nyranъ | *nyřemъ |
| Active | *nyravъ | *nyřę |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *nyraxъ | *nyra | *nyra | *nyřǫ | *nyřeši | *nyřetь |
| Dual | *nyraxově | *nyrasta | *nyraste | *nyřevě | *nyřeta | *nyřete |
| Plural | *nyraxomъ | *nyraste | *nyrašę | *nyřemъ | *nyřete | *nyřǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *nyraaxъ | *nyraaše | *nyraaše | — | *nyři | *nyři |
| Dual | *nyraaxově | *nyraašeta | *nyraašete | *nyřivě | *nyřita | — |
| Plural | *nyraaxomъ | *nyraašete | *nyraaxǫ | *nyřimъ | *nyřite | — |
Conjugation of *nyrati, *nyra, *nyrajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-ati
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *nyranьje | *nyrati | *nyratъ | *nyralъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *nyranъ | *nyrajemъ |
| Active | *nyravъ | *nyraję |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *nyraxъ | *nyra | *nyra | *nyrajǫ | *nyraješi | *nyrajetь |
| Dual | *nyraxově | *nyrasta | *nyraste | *nyrajevě | *nyrajeta | *nyrajete |
| Plural | *nyraxomъ | *nyraste | *nyrašę | *nyrajemъ | *nyrajete | *nyrajǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *nyraaxъ | *nyraaše | *nyraaše | — | *nyraji | *nyraji |
| Dual | *nyraaxově | *nyraašeta | *nyraašete | *nyrajivě | *nyrajita | — |
| Plural | *nyraaxomъ | *nyraašete | *nyraaxǫ | *nyrajimъ | *nyrajite | — |
Related terms
- *nyrnǫti
- *nyrěti, *nyriti
- *noriti
- *nuriti
- *nerti (“to enter? to go deep into?”)
- *norà (“den, lair”)
Descendants
- Church Slavonic: нꙑрати (nyrati, “to immerse oneself”), 1sg. нꙑрѭ (nyrjǫ), нꙑраѭ (nyrajǫ); нꙑрꙗти (nyrjati, “to immerse oneself”), 1sg. нꙑрꙗѭ (nyrjajǫ)
- East Slavic:
- Belarusian: ныра́ць (nyrácʹ)
- Middle Russian: нырꙗти (nyrjati) (14th century)
- Russian: ныря́ть (nyrjátʹ, “to dive”), 1sg. ныря́ю (nyrjáju)
- Ukrainian: ниря́ти (nyrjáty, “to dive”)
References
- Chernykh, P. (1993), “ныря́ть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1 (а – пантомима), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 581
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*nyŗati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 360
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “ныря́ть”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1999), “*nyr(’)ati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 26 (*novoukъ(jь) – *obgorditi), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 65