< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/nyti
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
- Derksen: From Proto-Balto-Slavic *nūˀ(d)-, cognate with Lithuanian panū́sti (“to yearn”). Derksen considers the most likely cognates outside of Balto-Slavic to be Old High German nôt (“need, force”), Old English nēod (“need”), English need, which may contain a Proto-Indo-European suffix *-ti- based off of a root *newH- (or *new-). Derksen assumes a relationship with *nùditi (“to compel, to force”) and *nùtiti (“to compel, to force”), which may have distinct root enlargements on top of the same underlying root.
- Vasmer, Trubačev (ESSJa), Chernykh: Cognate with Old East Slavic навь (navĭ), навье (navĭe, “dead man”), Lithuanian nõvyti (“to torment, to ruin, to afflict”), Latvian nâvêt (“to kill”), Latvian nâvîtiês (“to worry, to agonize”), Gothic 𐌽𐌰𐌿𐍃 (naus, “dead man, corpse”) (from Proto-Germanic *nawiz (“corpse”)), Old Irish núnа (“hunger”), from Proto-Indo-European *neh₂w-.
Verb
*nyti impf[1]
- to yearn
Inflection
Conjugation of *nyti, *ny, *nyjetь (impf., -V-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *nytьje | *nyti | *nytъ | *nylъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *nytъ | *nyjemъ |
| Active | *nyvъ | *nyję |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *nyxъ | *ny | *ny | *nyjǫ | *nyješi | *nyjetь |
| Dual | *nyxově | *nysta | *nyste | *nyjevě | *nyjeta | *nyjete |
| Plural | *nyxomъ | *nyste | *nyšę | *nyjemъ | *nyjete | *nyjǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *nyjaaxъ | *nyjaaše | *nyjaaše | — | *nyji | *nyji |
| Dual | *nyjaaxově | *nyjaašeta | *nyjaašete | *nyjivě | *nyjita | — |
| Plural | *nyjaaxomъ | *nyjaašete | *nyjaaxǫ | *nyjimъ | *nyjite | — |
Related terms
- *nùditi, *nǫ̀diti (“to compel, to force”)
- *nutiti, *nǫtiti (“to compel, to force”)
- *nukati, *nǫkati (“to urge, to incite”)
- *nùďa, *nǫ̀ďa (“need”)
- *unyti (“to lose heart, to be cast down, to be dejected or depressed”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: нꙑти (nyti)
- Belarusian: ныць (nycʹ)
- Russian: ныть (nytʹ)
- Ukrainian: ни́ти (nýty)
- Old East Slavic: нꙑти (nyti)
- South Slavic:
- ⇒ Old Church Slavonic: оунꙑти (unyti)
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: nýti
- Czech: nýt
- Kashubian: nyc, nëc
- Polish: nyć
- Slovak: nyť (poetic)
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: nyć
- Old Czech: nýti
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “ныть”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Chernykh, P. (1993), “ныть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1 (а – пантомима), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 582
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1999), “*nyti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 26 (*novoukъ(jь) – *obgorditi), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 66
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*nyti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 360: “v. ‘yearn’”