Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/niknǫti
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Per Derksen, from the root of *nicь (“lying face downwards”), from Proto-Indo-European *ni-h₃kʷo- with the Slavic progressive palatalization, from the root *ni-. Cognate with Sanskrit नि (ni, “downwards”), नीचा (nīcā́, “downwards”).
Per Vasmer, there are two etymologically separate verbs here, one with the approximate meaning "to droop, to wilt" and coming from the root of *nicь as above, and another with the approximate meaning "to arise, to penetrate" from a different root. The latter is cognate with Lithuanian nìkti (“to glow”) (1sg. ninkù, 1sg. past nikaũ), įnìkti į̃ dárbą (“to plunge headlong into work”), apnìkti (“to attack”), etc., as well as Old Prussian neikaut (“to walk, to wander”), Latvian niktiês (“to impose oneself”), nikns (“fierce, wicked”), nàiks (“fierce, wicked, angry, quick”), and Ancient Greek νεῖκος (neîkos, “quarrel, dispute”), νεικέω (neikéō, “to quarrel, to attack”), νῑ́κη (nī́kē, “victory”), νῑκάω (nīkáō, “to win”).
Verb
*niknǫti
- to arise
Inflection
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *ničenьje | *niknǫti | *niknǫtъ | *niklъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *ničenъ | *niknomъ |
| Active | *nikъ | *nikny |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *nik(ox)ъ | *niče | *niče | *niknǫ | *nikneši | *niknetь |
| Dual | *nik(ox)ově | *nik(e/os)ta | *nik(e/os)te | *niknevě | *nikneta | *niknete |
| Plural | *nik(ox)omъ | *nik(e/os)te | *nikǫ, *nikošę | *niknemъ | *niknete | *niknǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *nikněaxъ | *nikněaše | *nikněaše | — | *nikni | *nikni |
| Dual | *nikněaxově | *nikněašeta | *nikněašete | *nikněvě | *nikněta | — |
| Plural | *nikněaxomъ | *nikněašete | *nikněaxǫ | *nikněmъ | *nikněte | — |
- Notes:
- Aorist *nikeste ⇒ *ničeste, ...
Related terms
- *nicati, *nikati (“to arise”)
- *ničati (“to bend, to stoop”)
- *nicь (“lying face downwards”)
- *nizъ (“down, below”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: никнꙋти (niknuti, “to appear, to arise”)
- Belarusian: ні́кнуць (níknucʹ, “to droop, to wilt, (dialectal) to disappear”)
- Russian: ни́кнуть (níknutʹ, “to droop”)
- Ukrainian: ни́кнути (nýknuty, “to droop, to wilt, (dialectal) to disappear”)
- Old East Slavic: никнꙋти (niknuti, “to appear, to arise”)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: никнѫти (niknǫti, “to appear, to arise”)
- Bulgarian: ни́кна (níkna, “to germinate, to sprout”)
- Macedonian: никне (nikne, “to grow, to come”)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: ни̏кнути (“to appear, to arise”), 1sg. ни̏кне̄м
- Latin: nȉknuti (“to appear, to arise”), 1sg. nȉknēm
- Chakavian (Vrgada): nȉknut (“to appear, to arise”), 2sg. nȉkneš
- Slovene: níkniti (“to germinate, to sprout, to disappear”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. nȋknem (tonal orthography)
- West Slavic:
- Czech: niknout (“to germinate, to sprout, to bow, to disappear”) (archaic? found now mostly in compounds)
- ⇒ Czech: vzniknout
- Old Polish: niknąć (“to pass, to disappear”)
- Polish: niknąć (“to disappear, to be lost”)
- Slovincian: ńḯknȯų̯c (“to disappear, to vanish”)
- Czech: niknout (“to germinate, to sprout, to bow, to disappear”) (archaic? found now mostly in compounds)
References
- Chernykh, P. (1993), “ни́кнуть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1 (а – пантомима), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 573
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*niknǫti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 353
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “-ни́кнуть”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1999), “*niknǫti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 25 (*neroditi – *novotьnъ(jь)), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 114