< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/mъnogъ
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *managas, from late (Northern) Proto-Indo-European *monogʰos. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *managaz (“many”) and possibly further akin to Proto-Celtic *menekkis (“frequent”).
Adjective
*mъnogъ (comparative *vęťьjь)[1][2][3]
- many
Declension
Indefinite declension of *mъnogъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *mъnogъ | *mъnoga | *mъnogo |
| Accusative | *mъnogъ | *mъnogǫ | *mъnogo |
| Genitive | *mъnoga | *mъnogy | *mъnoga |
| Locative | *mъnodzě | *mъnodzě | *mъnodzě |
| Dative | *mъnogu | *mъnodzě | *mъnogu |
| Instrumental | *mъnogomь | *mъnogojǫ | *mъnogomь |
| Vocative | *mъnože | *mъnogo | *mъnogo |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *mъnoga | *mъnodzě | *mъnodzě |
| Accusative | *mъnoga | *mъnodzě | *mъnodzě |
| Genitive | *mъnogu | *mъnogu | *mъnogu |
| Locative | *mъnogu | *mъnogu | *mъnogu |
| Dative | *mъnogoma | *mъnogama | *mъnogoma |
| Instrumental | *mъnogoma | *mъnogama | *mъnogoma |
| Vocative | *mъnoga | *mъnodzě | *mъnodzě |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *mъnodzi | *mъnogy | *mъnoga |
| Accusative | *mъnogy | *mъnogy | *mъnoga |
| Genitive | *mъnogъ | *mъnogъ | *mъnogъ |
| Locative | *mъnodzěxъ | *mъnogaxъ | *mъnodzěxъ |
| Dative | *mъnogomъ | *mъnogamъ | *mъnogomъ |
| Instrumental | *mъnogy | *mъnogami | *mъnogy |
| Vocative | *mъnodzi | *mъnogy | *mъnoga |
Definite declension of *mъnogъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *mъnogъjь | *mъnogaja | *mъnogoje |
| Accusative | *mъnogъjь | *mъnogǫjǫ | *mъnogoje |
| Genitive | *mъnogajego | *mъnogyję | *mъnogajego |
| Locative | *mъnodzějemь | *mъnodzěji | *mъnodzějemь |
| Dative | *mъnogujemu | *mъnodzěji | *mъnogujemu |
| Instrumental | *mъnogyjimi | *mъnogǫjǫ | *mъnogyjimi |
| Vocative | *mъnogъjь | *mъnogaja | *mъnogoje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *mъnogaja | *mъnodzěji | *mъnodzěji |
| Accusative | *mъnogaja | *mъnodzěji | *mъnodzěji |
| Genitive | *mъnoguju | *mъnoguju | *mъnoguju |
| Locative | *mъnoguju | *mъnoguju | *mъnoguju |
| Dative | *mъnogyjima | *mъnogyjima | *mъnogyjima |
| Instrumental | *mъnogyjima | *mъnogyjima | *mъnogyjima |
| Vocative | *mъnogaja | *mъnodzěji | *mъnodzěji |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *mъnodziji | *mъnogyję | *mъnogaja |
| Accusative | *mъnogyję | *mъnogyję | *mъnogaja |
| Genitive | *mъnogъjixъ | *mъnogъjixъ | *mъnogъjixъ |
| Locative | *mъnogyjixъ | *mъnogyjixъ | *mъnogyjixъ |
| Dative | *mъnogyjimъ | *mъnogyjimъ | *mъnogyjimъ |
| Instrumental | *mъnogyjimi | *mъnogyjimi | *mъnogyjimi |
| Vocative | *mъnodziji | *mъnogyję | *mъnogaja |
Derived terms
- *mъnogo (“many, much”) (adverb)
- *mъnogota (“abundancy”)
- *mъnožiti (“to multiply, to increase in number”)
- *mъnožьstvo (“multiple, majority”)
- *mъnožьkъ (“excessive”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: мъногии (mŭnogij), мъногꙑи (mŭnogyj)
- Russian: мно́гий (mnógij)
- Rusyn: многый (mnohŷj)
- Old East Slavic: мъногии (mŭnogij), мъногꙑи (mŭnogyj)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: мъногъ (mŭnogŭ)
- Bulgarian: мно́го (mnógo) (colloquially: мло́го (mlógo))
- Macedonian: мно́гу (mnógu)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: мно̏гӣ
- Latin: mnȍgī
- Slovene: mnọ̑g (tonal orthography)
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: mnohý
- Czech: mnohý
- Polish: mnogi
- Slovak: mnohý
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: mnohi
- Upper Sorbian: mnohi (archaic), młogi
- Old Czech: mnohý
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1994), “*mъnogo, *mъnogъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 20 (*morzatъjь – *mъrsknǫti), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 229
- Georgiev V. I., Duridanov I., editor (1995), “много”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 4, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 183
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*mъnogъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 334: “adj. o ‘much, many’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “mъnogъ”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (sek. immobil accent) (SA 155; PR 133)”
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “mnọ̑g”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “*mъ̏nogъ”