Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/měniti

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Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/měniti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

From *měna (“change, exchange”) +‎ *-iti.

Verb

*měnìti[1][2]

1. to change, to exchange

Inflection

Conjugation of *měniti, *měni, *měnitь (?, -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)

Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*měňenьje	*měniti	*měnitъ	*měnilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*měňenъ	*měnimъ
Active	*měňь	*měnę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*měnixъ	*měni	*měni	*měňǫ	*měniši	*měnitь
Dual	*měnixově	*měnista	*měniste	*měnivě	*měnita	*měnite
Plural	*měnixomъ	*měniste	*měnišę	*měnimъ	*měnite	*měnętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*měňaaxъ	*měňaaše	*měňaaše	—	*měni	*měni
Dual	*měňaaxově	*měňaašeta	*měňaašete	*měnivě	*měnita	—
Plural	*měňaaxomъ	*měňaašete	*měňaaxǫ	*měnimъ	*měnite	—

Notes:
• (*)*měnivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Related terms

• *měna (“change, exchange”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: мѣнити (měniti, “to exchange”) (15th century)
    • Belarusian: менитися (mjenitisja) (obsolete)
    • Russian: мени́ть (menítʹ) (dialectal)
      • ⇒ Russian: измени́ть (izmenítʹ)
    • Ukrainian: міни́ти (minýty)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: мѣнитъ (měnitŭ, 3sg. pres.)

    Glagolitic: [Term?]

  • Bulgarian: меня́ (menjá)
  • Macedonian: мени (meni)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic: мијѐнити

    Latin: mijèniti

  • Slovene: menīti (tonal orthography) (obsolete)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: měniti
    • Czech: měnit
  • Old Polish: mienić
    • Polish: mienić
  • Slovak: meniť sa
  • Slovincian: mjìe̯nĭc
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: měnić
    • Lower Sorbian: měniś

Further reading

• Chernykh, P. (1993), “ме́на”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1 (а – пантомима), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 522
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “меня́ть”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
• Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “2.*mei̯-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 426
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1992), “*měniti (sę) I”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 18 (*matoga – *mękyšьka), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 173

Etymology 2

Cognate with Proto-Germanic *mainijaną (“to mean, to think”) (whence German meinen (“to mean”), English mean, etc.), Old Irish mían (“wish, desire”). Apparently from Proto-Indo-European *meyn-. Per Derksen, quoting Kluge-Seebold,[3] possibly related to *měniti (“to change”), with an original meaning "to consequentively present one's meaning".

Verb

*měnìti[4][5]

1. to think

Inflection

Conjugation of *měniti, *měni, *měnitь (?, -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*měňenьje	*měniti	*měnitъ	*měnilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*měňenъ	*měnimъ
Active	*měňь	*měnę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*měnixъ	*měni	*měni	*měňǫ	*měniši	*měnitь
Dual	*měnixově	*měnista	*měniste	*měnivě	*měnita	*měnite
Plural	*měnixomъ	*měniste	*měnišę	*měnimъ	*měnite	*měnętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*měňaaxъ	*měňaaše	*měňaaše	—	*měni	*měni
Dual	*měňaaxově	*měňaašeta	*měňaašete	*měnivě	*měnita	—
Plural	*měňaaxomъ	*měňaašete	*měňaaxǫ	*měnimъ	*měnite	—

Notes:
• (*)*měnivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: мѣнити (měniti) (12th–13th century)
    • Ukrainian: м'іни́ти (mʺinýty) (dialectal)
      • ⇒ Ukrainian: поміни́ти (pominýty)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: мѣнити (měniti)

    Glagolitic: [Term?]

  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic: ме́нити, мијѐнити (regional)

    Latin: méniti, mijèniti (regional)

  • Slovene: menīti, mẹ́niti (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: mieniti
  • Czech: mínit
    • Polish: mienić
  • Slovak: mieniť
  • Slovincian: mjìe̯nĭc
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: měnić
    • Lower Sorbian: mjěniś, měniś

Further reading

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1992), “*měniti (sę) II”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 18 (*matoga – *mękyšьka), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 174-175

References

1. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*měniti I”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 311: “v. (c) ‘change, exchange’”
2. Olander, Thomas (2001), “měniti: měnjǫ měnitь”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c blande (PR 140)”
3. Friedrich Kluge (1995), “Proto-Slavic/měniti”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 23rd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 551.
4. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*měniti II”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 312: “v. ‘think’”
5. Snoj, Marko (2016), “menīti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar³ (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “*měni̋ti”