< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/měna
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *maināˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *moi-n-, from the root *mey- (“to change”). Baltic cognates include Lithuanian maĩnas (“exchange”), Latvian maîna, maĩņa (“exchange”). Other Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit मेना (ménā, “concubine”), Old High German mein (“false, deceitful”), Latin commūnis (“common”) (Old Latin commoinis), Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (gamains, “common, collective”), Sanskrit मयते (máyate), मिनाति (mināti, “to change”), Ancient Greek μοῖνος (moînos, “gratitude, reward”), Latin mūnus (“obligation; office; gift”) (gen. mūneris), Old Irish móin, máin (“jewel”).
Noun
*měnà f[1][2]
- change, exchange
Inflection
Declension of *mě̄nà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *mě̄nà | *mě̃ně | *mě̄nỳ |
| Accusative | *mě̄nǫ̀ | *mě̃ně | *mě̄nỳ |
| Genitive | *mě̄nỳ | *mě̄nù | *mě̃nъ |
| Locative | *mě̄ně̀ | *mě̄nù | *mě̄nàsъ, *mě̄nàxъ* |
| Dative | *mě̄ně̀ | *mě̄nàma | *mě̄nàmъ |
| Instrumental | *mě̄nòjǫ, *mě̃nǫ** | *mě̄nàma | *mě̄nàmī |
| Vocative | *měno | *mě̃ně | *mě̄nỳ |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Declension of *měnà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm c)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *měnà | *mě̑ně | *mě̑ny |
| Accusative | *mě̑nǫ | *mě̑ně | *mě̑ny |
| Genitive | *měný | *měnù | *mě̃nъ |
| Locative | *mě̑ně | *měnù | *měnàsъ, *měnàxъ* |
| Dative | *měně̀ | *měnàma | *měnàmъ |
| Instrumental | *měnojǫ́ | *měnàma | *měnàmi |
| Vocative | *měno | *mě̑ně | *mě̑ny |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
Derived terms
- *měniti (“to change, to exchange”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: мѣна (měna) (15th century; accent paradigm b or c)
- Belarusian: ме́на (mjéna)
- Russian: ме́на (ména), мена́ (mená) (Yaroslavl and Arkhangelsk dialectal)
- Ukrainian: мі́на (mína)
- Rusyn: міна (mina)
- Old East Slavic: мѣна (měna) (15th century; accent paradigm b or c)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Cyrillic: мѣна (měna)
- Glagolitic: [Term?]
- Bulgarian: мя́на (mjána), мена́ (mená)
- Macedonian: мена (mena)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: мијѐна
- Latin: mijèna
- Chakavian (Vrgada): mīnȁ
- Slovene: mẹ́na (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: měna
- Czech: měna
- Polish: miana
- Slovak: mena
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: měna
- Old Czech: měna
Further reading
- Chernykh, P. (1993), “ме́на”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1 (а – пантомима), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 522
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “ме́на”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “2.*mei̯-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 426
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1992), “*měna”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 18 (*matoga – *mękyšьka), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 171
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*měna”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 311: “f. ā ‘change, exchange’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “měna měny”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b/c vekslen (PR 135)”