< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/motyka
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *mot-. Cognate with Latin mateola (“hoe”), Proto-Germanic *mattukaz (“mattock, plowshare”), Sanskrit मत्य (matyà, “agricultural device, harrow?”).
Noun
*motỳka f
- hoe
Inflection
Declension of *motỳka (hard a-stem)
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | *motỳka | *motycě | *motyky |
Accusative | *motykǫ | *motycě | *motyky |
Genitive | *motyky | *motyku | *motykъ |
Locative | *motycě | *motyku | *motykasъ, *motykaxъ* |
Dative | *motycě | *motykama | *motykamъ |
Instrumental | *motykojǫ, *motykǫ** | *motykama | *motykami |
Vocative | *motỳko | *motycě | *motyky |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Belarusian: матыка (matyka)
- Russian: моты́га (motýga), моты́ка (motýka)
- → Kildin Sami: мотыга (motɨga)
- Ukrainian: мотика (motyka)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Old Cyrillic: мотꙑкꙑ (motyky)
- Glagolitic: ⰿⱁⱅⱏⰹⰽⱏⰹ (motyky)
- Bulgarian: мотика (motika)
- Macedonian: мотика (motika)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: мотика
- Latin: motika
- Slovene: motika
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: motyka
- Czech: motyka
- Moravian (Mistřice): motika
- Czech: motyka
- Polish: motyka
- Slovak: motyka
- Old Czech: motyka
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*motỳka”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 327