< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/milъ
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *meilas; from Proto-Indo-European *m(e)ilH-lo-s; from Proto-Indo-European *meyh₁-. Cognate with Lithuanian mielas (“nice, sweet, cute”), Latvian mīļš (“dear, cherished, beloved”), Old Prussian mijls (“dear”), Latin mitis (“mild, mellow”), Greek μείλιον (meílion, “pleasant gift”).
Adjective
*mìlъ[1][2]
- dear, nice, gentle, mild, soft, pleasant, polite
Inflection
Indefinite declension of *milъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *milъ | *mila | *milo |
| Accusative | *milъ | *milǫ | *milo |
| Genitive | *mila | *mily | *mila |
| Locative | *milě | *milě | *milě |
| Dative | *milu | *milě | *milu |
| Instrumental | *milomь | *milojǫ | *milomь |
| Vocative | *mile | *milo | *milo |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *mila | *milě | *milě |
| Accusative | *mila | *milě | *milě |
| Genitive | *milu | *milu | *milu |
| Locative | *milu | *milu | *milu |
| Dative | *miloma | *milama | *miloma |
| Instrumental | *miloma | *milama | *miloma |
| Vocative | *mila | *milě | *milě |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *mili | *mily | *mila |
| Accusative | *mily | *mily | *mila |
| Genitive | *milъ | *milъ | *milъ |
| Locative | *milěxъ | *milaxъ | *milěxъ |
| Dative | *milomъ | *milamъ | *milomъ |
| Instrumental | *mily | *milami | *mily |
| Vocative | *mili | *mily | *mila |
Definite declension of *milъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *milъjь | *milaja | *miloje |
| Accusative | *milъjь | *milǫjǫ | *miloje |
| Genitive | *milajego | *milyję | *milajego |
| Locative | *milějemь | *milěji | *milějemь |
| Dative | *milujemu | *milěji | *milujemu |
| Instrumental | *milyjimi | *milǫjǫ | *milyjimi |
| Vocative | *milъjь | *milaja | *miloje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *milaja | *milěji | *milěji |
| Accusative | *milaja | *milěji | *milěji |
| Genitive | *miluju | *miluju | *miluju |
| Locative | *miluju | *miluju | *miluju |
| Dative | *milyjima | *milyjima | *milyjima |
| Instrumental | *milyjima | *milyjima | *milyjima |
| Vocative | *milaja | *milěji | *milěji |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *miliji | *milyję | *milaja |
| Accusative | *milyję | *milyję | *milaja |
| Genitive | *milъjixъ | *milъjixъ | *milъjixъ |
| Locative | *milyjixъ | *milyjixъ | *milyjixъ |
| Dative | *milyjimъ | *milyjimъ | *milyjimъ |
| Instrumental | *milyjimi | *milyjimi | *milyjimi |
| Vocative | *miliji | *milyję | *milaja |
Derived terms
- *milostь
- *miloba
- *milosьrdъ (“merciful, compassionate”)
- *milovati
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: милъ (milŭ)
- Belarusian: мі́лы (míly)
- Russian: ми́лый (mílyj)
- Rusyn: милый (mylŷj)
- Ukrainian: ми́лий (mýlyj)
- Old East Slavic: милъ (milŭ)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: милъ (milŭ)
- Bulgarian: мил (mil)
- Macedonian: мил (mil)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: ми̏о
- Latin: mȉo
- Slovene: mȋl (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic: милъ (milŭ)
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: milý
- Czech: milý
- Moravian (Mistřice): miu̯í
- Czech: milý
- Kashubian: miłi
- Polish: miły
- Silesian: mjyły
- Slovak: milý
- Slovincian: ńĩvă, ńì·vă
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: miły
- Lower Sorbian: miły
- Old Czech: milý
Non-Slavic
- → Romanian: milă
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “ми́лый”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “mitis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 383
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*mìlъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 317: “adj. o (a) ‘sweet, dear’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “milъ mila milo”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (SA 23, 107, 110; PR 133; MP 22)”