< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/malъ
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *(s)mal-, *(s)mel-. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *smalaz (“small”), possibly Latin malus (“bad”).
Adjective
*màlъ (comparative *mьňьjь)[1][2][3]
- small, petite (of size)
- little, short, brief (of quantity, duration)
Declension
Indefinite declension of *malъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *malъ | *mala | *malo |
| Accusative | *malъ | *malǫ | *malo |
| Genitive | *mala | *maly | *mala |
| Locative | *malě | *malě | *malě |
| Dative | *malu | *malě | *malu |
| Instrumental | *malomь | *malojǫ | *malomь |
| Vocative | *male | *malo | *malo |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *mala | *malě | *malě |
| Accusative | *mala | *malě | *malě |
| Genitive | *malu | *malu | *malu |
| Locative | *malu | *malu | *malu |
| Dative | *maloma | *malama | *maloma |
| Instrumental | *maloma | *malama | *maloma |
| Vocative | *mala | *malě | *malě |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *mali | *maly | *mala |
| Accusative | *maly | *maly | *mala |
| Genitive | *malъ | *malъ | *malъ |
| Locative | *malěxъ | *malaxъ | *malěxъ |
| Dative | *malomъ | *malamъ | *malomъ |
| Instrumental | *maly | *malami | *maly |
| Vocative | *mali | *maly | *mala |
Definite declension of *malъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *malъjь | *malaja | *maloje |
| Accusative | *malъjь | *malǫjǫ | *maloje |
| Genitive | *malajego | *malyję | *malajego |
| Locative | *malějemь | *malěji | *malějemь |
| Dative | *malujemu | *malěji | *malujemu |
| Instrumental | *malyjimi | *malǫjǫ | *malyjimi |
| Vocative | *malъjь | *malaja | *maloje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *malaja | *malěji | *malěji |
| Accusative | *malaja | *malěji | *malěji |
| Genitive | *maluju | *maluju | *maluju |
| Locative | *maluju | *maluju | *maluju |
| Dative | *malyjima | *malyjima | *malyjima |
| Instrumental | *malyjima | *malyjima | *malyjima |
| Vocative | *malaja | *malěji | *malěji |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *maliji | *malyję | *malaja |
| Accusative | *malyję | *malyję | *malaja |
| Genitive | *malъjixъ | *malъjixъ | *malъjixъ |
| Locative | *malyjixъ | *malyjixъ | *malyjixъ |
| Dative | *malyjimъ | *malyjimъ | *malyjimъ |
| Instrumental | *malyjimi | *malyjimi | *malyjimi |
| Vocative | *maliji | *malyję | *malaja |
Antonyms
- *velьjь, *velikъ
Derived terms
Verbs
- *malěti
- *maliti
Agent nouns
- *malešь
- *malęga
- *malękъ
- *malica
- *maličь
- *malikъ
- *malьcь
- *malьčikъ
- *malunъ
- *malušь
- *maľakъ
- *maľukъ
Diminutive nouns
- *malę
- *malęčьko
- *maliťь
- *malyšь
Abstract nouns
- *maležь
- *maliga
- *malizna
- *malь
- *malьstvo
- *maloňa
- *malostь
- *malota
- *maloxa
- *malyga
- *maľava
- *maľuta
Secondary adjectives
- *malenъ
- *malenъkъ
- *malinъ
- *malьnъ
- *malьznъ
- *malovatъ
- *malovitъ
- *malovъ
- *malъkъ
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Belarusian: малы́ (malý)
- Russian: ма́лый (mályj)
- Ukrainian: мали́й (malýj)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Old Cyrillic: малъ (malŭ)
- Glagolitic: ⰿⰰⰾⱏ (malŭ)
- Bulgarian: мал (mal) (dialectal)
- Macedonian: мал (mal)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: ма̑л
- Latin: mȃl
- Slovene: mȃli (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: malý
- Czech: malý
- Bohemian (Chod dialect): malyj
- Czech: malý
- Kashubian: môłi
- Polish: mały
- Slovak: malý
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: mały
- Lower Sorbian: mały
- Old Czech: malý
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*màlъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 300: “adj. o (a) ‘small, little’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “malъ mala malo”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (SA 107, 188; PR 133; MP 22)”
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “mali”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *malъ̏ (določna oblika *málъjь)”
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “ма́лый”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1990), “*malъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 17 (*lъžь – *matješьnъjь), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 173
- Georgiev V. I., editor (1986), “мал¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 662