Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/lǫka

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *lankāˀ, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *lengʷʰ-, the source of Proto-Germanic *lingwą (“heather”).[1][2] Or, both are from a substrate source, as suggested by the irregular velar correspondences (note also the synonym *lǫ̑gъ). In any case, cognate with Latvian lañka (“bend of a river, big low-lying meadow, big puddle”), Lithuanian lankà (“water-meadow, swamp”).

Noun

*lǭkà f[3][4]

low-lying meadow, water-meadow
Synonym: *lǫ̑gъ

Inflection

Declension of *lǭkà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*lǭkà	*lǫ̃cě	*lǭkỳ
Accusative	*lǭkǫ̀	*lǫ̃cě	*lǭkỳ
Genitive	*lǭkỳ	*lǭkù	*lǫ̃kъ
Locative	*lǭcě̀	*lǭkù	lǭkàsъ, lǭkàxъ^*
Dative	*lǭcě̀	*lǭkàma	*lǭkàmъ
Instrumental	lǭkòjǫ, lǫ̃kǫ^**	*lǭkàma	*lǭkàmī
Vocative	*lǫko	*lǫ̃cě	*lǭkỳ

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Related terms

*lękati, *lęcati (“to set traps, to scare?”)
*lęťi (“to bend”)
*lękъ (“bent”)
*lǭčìti (“to separate”)
*lǫčьje (“rush”)
*lǫkàvъ (“curved, cunning”)
*lǫ̑kъ (“bow”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: лука (luka)
- ⇒ Belarusian: луковіна (lukóvina)
- Russian: лука́ (luká)
- Ukrainian: лука́ (luká)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic: лѫка (lǫka)
  Glagolitic: ⰾⱘⰽⰰ (lǫka)
- Bulgarian: лъка́ (lǎká), лъ́нка (lǎ́nka) (dialectal)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic: лу́ка
  Latin: lúka
- Slovene: lọ́ka
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: lúka
  - Czech: louka
- Polish: łąka
- Slovak: lúka
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian: łuka
  - Upper Sorbian: łuka

References

Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1895
Kroonen, Guus (2013), “lingwa”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
Derksen, Rick (2008), “*lǭkà”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 288: “f. ā (b) ‘low-lying medow, water-meadow’”
Olander, Thomas (2001), “lǫka lǫky”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b bend, curve; meadow at a river bend (NA 91, 144; SA 20; PR 135)”

[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1895

[2] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “lingwa”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[3] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*lǭkà”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 288: “f. ā (b) ‘low-lying medow, water-meadow’”

[4] Olander, Thomas (2001), “lǫka lǫky”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b bend, curve; meadow at a river bend (NA 91, 144; SA 20; PR 135)”