< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kъrtiti
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Alternative forms
- *kъrtěti
Etymology
Normally reconstructed as a denominal verb of *(s)ker- (“to cut”) + *-tós (per Trubachyov). Given that the same root also produced palatalized 0-grade lemmas in Balto-Slavic, e.g. *čьrtati (“to draw”), it is likely that the plain velar forms were influenced by *kʷer- (“to make, to build”). Cognates in Balto-Slavic include Lithuanian kùrti (“to build”), Latvian kurt (“to excite”). Outside of Balto-Slavic, the root is related to Proto-Germanic *skurtaz (“short”), Latin curtus (“shortened”) as a descendant of *(s)ker- and to Proto-Indo-Iranian *kr̥tás (“made”), Proto-Celtic *kʷritus (“form”) as a descendant of *kʷer-.
Verb
*kъrtiti impf
- to peck
- to thrash
Inflection
Conjugation of *kъrtiti, *kъrti, *kъrtitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *kъrťenьje | *kъrtiti | *kъrtitъ | *kъrtilъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *kъrťenъ | *kъrtimъ |
| Active | *kъrťь | *kъrtę |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *kъrtixъ | *kъrti | *kъrti | *kъrťǫ | *kъrtiši | *kъrtitь |
| Dual | *kъrtixově | *kъrtista | *kъrtiste | *kъrtivě | *kъrtita | *kъrtite |
| Plural | *kъrtixomъ | *kъrtiste | *kъrtišę | *kъrtimъ | *kъrtite | *kъrtętь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *kъrťaaxъ | *kъrťaaše | *kъrťaaše | — | *kъrti | *kъrti |
| Dual | *kъrťaaxově | *kъrťaašeta | *kъrťaašete | *kъrtivě | *kъrtita | — |
| Plural | *kъrťaaxomъ | *kъrťaašete | *kъrťaaxǫ | *kъrtimъ | *kъrtite | — |
- Notes:
- (*)*kъrtivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
Related terms
- *čersti (“to carve, slash”)
- *čьrtati (“to draw”)
- *čьrta (“dash”)
- *kortъ (“once, time”)
- *kortъkъ (“short”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Belarusian: карціць (karcicʹ, “to yearn for”)
- Russian: кортеть (kortetʹ, “to yearn for”)
- Ukrainian: кортіти (kortity, “to yearn for”)
- → Polish: korcić
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Cyrillic: къртити (kŭrtiti)
- Bulgarian: къртя (kǎrtja)
- Macedonian: крти (krti)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: кртити (“to agonize”)
- Latin: krtiti
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Polish: karcić
- Upper Sorbian: korćić
References
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “кортеть”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1987), “*kъrtiti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 13 (*kroměžirъ – *kyžiti), Moscow: Nauka, page 241