Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kǫdělь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Picture dictionary

Proto-Slavic/kǫdělь

*kǫdělь

*kǫželь

*verteno

*prędenьje *sъ *pręslomь

Etymology

Perhaps from *kǫd- +‎ *-ělь, whence also Proto-Slavic *kǫdrь (“curl”), possibly dial. Bulgarian ко́нда (kónda, “cord, tow”). Per Snoj, probably further from Proto-Indo-European *ken(h₁)- (“to pluck, to wrench”)[1] + dental extension. Oštir alternatively makes connection to the root[2] of Proto-Slavic *konopľa (“hemp, cannabis”) (also favoured by Sławski), probably based on the secondary meaning of some descendants (e.g. dial. Russian кудель (kudelʹ, “flax”), Serbo-Croatian кудеља (“hemp”)) which more broadly refer to raw materials used for yarn production.

Inversely, Trubačev analyzes the lemma as prefixed *kǫ- +‎ *delь (“strand, thread”) (the later attested as Russian дель (delʹ)). Regarded with reservation by Snoj.

Noun

*kǫdě̀lь f[1]

spun thread, sliver (fibres prepared for spinning)
Synonym: *prędь
(by generalization) bundle, tow

Alternative forms

*kǫdelь
- ⇒ *kǫdeľa (jā-stem)

Inflection

Declension of *kǫdělь (i-stem)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*kǫdělь	*kǫděli	*kǫděli
Accusative	*kǫdělь	*kǫděli	*kǫděli
Genitive	*kǫděli	kǫdělьju, kǫděľu^*	kǫdělьjь, kǫděli^*
Locative	*kǫděli	kǫdělьju, kǫděľu^*	*kǫdělьxъ
Dative	*kǫděli	*kǫdělьma	*kǫdělьmъ
Instrumental	kǫdělьjǫ, kǫděľǫ^*	*kǫdělьma	*kǫdělьmi
Vocative	*kǫděli	*kǫděli	*kǫděli

^* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms

*kǫdělica, *kǫdělьka (diminutive)
*kǫdělišče (augmenative, abstract)
*kǫdělьnъ (“coiled”)
- *kǫdělina (“bundle”)
- *kǫdělьnikъ (“bundling tool”)

Related terms

*kǫdrь (“curl”)
*kǫdьlo (“tuft”)
*kǫdъ (“bite”) (possibly)
- ⇒ Polish: kądek (“piece, bit”)
*konopь (“hemp”)

Descendants

From primary i-stem *kǫdělь, *kǫdelь:

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: кѫдѣль (kǫdělĭ)
  - Russian: куде́ль (kudélʹ)
  - Ukrainian: куде́ль (kudélʹ) (dialectal)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: кѫдѣль (kǫdělĭ)
West Slavic:
- Czech: koudel
- Polish: kądziel
- Slovak: kúdeľ
- Sorbian:
  Upper Sorbian: kudźél
  Lower Sorbian: kuźеľ

Reanalyzed as jā-stem *kǫdeľa:

East Slavic:
- Belarusian: кудзе́ля (kudzjélja)
- Russian: куде́ля (kudélja)
- Ukrainian: куде́ля (kudélja)
South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: къде́ля (kǎdélja); кънде́ля (kǎndélja), куде́ля (kudélja) (dialectal)
- Macedonian: кадела (kadela)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic: ку̀деља
  Latin: kùdjelja
- Slovene: kodẹ̑lja
West Slavic:
- Polabian: kǫdéľа
- Slovak: kúdeľa (dialectal)

Non-Slavic descendants (via East Slavic):
- Baltic:
  - → Latvian: kuodel̨š (“tuft”)
  - → Lithuanian: kuodẽlis (“lap, tuft”)
- Finnic:
  - → Finnish: kuontalo
  - → Estonian: kооnаl
  - → Eastern Mari: кӱнчыла (künčyla)
    - → Chuvash: кӗнчеле (kĕnč̬ele)

References

Snoj, Marko (2016), “kodẹ̑lja”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar³ (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “*kǫdě̋lь”
Oštir, Karel (1930), “Predslovansko *sębьrъ „zadrugar“”, in Etnolog‎, Ljubljana: Državna licejska knjižnica, page 14: “Predslov. kǫdělь „kodelja“ :: [...] in dalje k istemu *kan- kakor konoplja”

Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1985), “*kǫdělь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 12 (*koulъkъ – *kroma/*kromъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 48
Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “кудель”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1989), “куделя”, in Етимологічний словник української мови: у 7 т. [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 7 vols] (in Ukrainian), volume 3 (Кора – М), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 123
Georgiev V. I., editor (1986), “къделя”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 181
Georgiev V. I., editor (1979), “конда”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 2, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 584
“kuodelis”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012

[Snoj-1] Snoj, Marko (2016), “kodẹ̑lja”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar³ (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “*kǫdě̋lь”

[2] Oštir, Karel (1930), “Predslovansko *sębьrъ „zadrugar“”, in Etnolog‎, Ljubljana: Državna licejska knjižnica, page 14: “Predslov. kǫdělь „kodelja“ :: [...] in dalje k istemu *kan- kakor konoplja”