< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kyta
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Disputed:
- Snoj (SES), Trubačev (ESSJa) interpret it as a resultant noun of *kyti (“to forge”) + *-ta, probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kewh₂- (“to hew, to strike”) or *keh₁w- (“to swing”).
- Bernecker, Vasmer, Sławski presume origin from pre-Slavic *kypta < Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewp- (“to pluck”), related to Proto-Slavic *čupъ (“crest”), *kupъ (“heap”).
- Urbutis relates it to Lithuanian kū̃tė (“hideout, shelter”), kutỹs (“purse”), Latvian kūts (“hut”), from proposed Proto-Balto-Slavic *kuntāˀ, *kuntis. Further origin either from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover, to wrap”) (cf. Ancient Greek σκῦτος (skûtos, “skin”)) or from the root for forging as above.
Noun
*kỳta f[1][2]
- bundle, bunch, bouquet
- → tuft, plait (of hair)
- → branch (with smaller twigs and leaves on)
- → (West Slavic) tail
- decoration
Declension
Declension of *kyta (hard a-stem, accent paradigm a)
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | *kyta | *kỳtě | *kỳty |
Accusative | *kỳtǫ | *kỳtě | *kỳty |
Genitive | *kỳty | *kỳtu | *kỳtъ |
Locative | *kỳtě | *kỳtu | *kỳtasъ, *kỳtaxъ* |
Dative | *kỳtě | *kỳtama | *kỳtamъ |
Instrumental | *kỳtojǫ, *kỳtǭ** | *kỳtama | *kỳtamī |
Vocative | *kỳto | *kỳtě | *kỳty |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Derived terms
- *kytiti (“to bunch up”)
- *kystь (“bundle, brush”)
- *kytъka, *kytica (diminutive)
- *kytina (augmentative)
- *kytajь (“inflorescence, decoration”)
Related terms
- *kupъ (“pile, heap”)
- *kuča (“stack”)
- *kustъ (“bush, shrub”)
- *kytъ (“sheaf, decoration”)
- *kyka (“pigtail”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Belarusian: кі́та (kíta) (obsolete, dialectal)
- Russian: ки́та (kíta) (archaic)
- Ukrainian: ки́та (kýta)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: кꙑтa (kyta)
- Bulgarian: ки́та (kíta, “bouquet, decoration”)
- Macedonian: кита (kita)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: ки̏та
- Latin: kȉta
- Slovene: kíta (“hair, wool”)
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: kýta
- Czech: kýta
- Moravian (Mistřice): kita
- Czech: kýta
- Polish: kita
- Slovak: kyta (“tail”)
- Old Czech: kýta
References
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “kyta”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (SA 155)”
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “kita”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *ky̋ta”
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1987), “*kyta”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 13 (*kroměžirъ – *kyžiti), Moscow: Nauka, page 279
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “кита”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1985), “кита”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 2 (Д – Копці), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 439
- Georgiev V. I., editor (1979), “китa¹, кита²”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 2, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 393
- “kūtė”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012