< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kyslъ
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Possibly originally participle of *kysnǫti (“to become\\turn sour”). Morphologically *kys- + *-lъ.
Adjective
*kỳslъ[1][2]
- sour
- Synonyms: *kysělъ, *kysalъ
Inflection
Indefinite declension of *kyslъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *kyslъ | *kysla | *kyslo |
| Accusative | *kyslъ | *kyslǫ | *kyslo |
| Genitive | *kysla | *kysly | *kysla |
| Locative | *kyslě | *kyslě | *kyslě |
| Dative | *kyslu | *kyslě | *kyslu |
| Instrumental | *kyslomь | *kyslojǫ | *kyslomь |
| Vocative | *kysle | *kyslo | *kyslo |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *kysla | *kyslě | *kyslě |
| Accusative | *kysla | *kyslě | *kyslě |
| Genitive | *kyslu | *kyslu | *kyslu |
| Locative | *kyslu | *kyslu | *kyslu |
| Dative | *kysloma | *kyslama | *kysloma |
| Instrumental | *kysloma | *kyslama | *kysloma |
| Vocative | *kysla | *kyslě | *kyslě |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *kysli | *kysly | *kysla |
| Accusative | *kysly | *kysly | *kysla |
| Genitive | *kyslъ | *kyslъ | *kyslъ |
| Locative | *kyslěxъ | *kyslaxъ | *kyslěxъ |
| Dative | *kyslomъ | *kyslamъ | *kyslomъ |
| Instrumental | *kysly | *kyslami | *kysly |
| Vocative | *kysli | *kysly | *kysla |
Definite declension of *kyslъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *kyslъjь | *kyslaja | *kysloje |
| Accusative | *kyslъjь | *kyslǫjǫ | *kysloje |
| Genitive | *kyslajego | *kyslyję | *kyslajego |
| Locative | *kyslějemь | *kyslěji | *kyslějemь |
| Dative | *kyslujemu | *kyslěji | *kyslujemu |
| Instrumental | *kyslyjimi | *kyslǫjǫ | *kyslyjimi |
| Vocative | *kyslъjь | *kyslaja | *kysloje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *kyslaja | *kyslěji | *kyslěji |
| Accusative | *kyslaja | *kyslěji | *kyslěji |
| Genitive | *kysluju | *kysluju | *kysluju |
| Locative | *kysluju | *kysluju | *kysluju |
| Dative | *kyslyjima | *kyslyjima | *kyslyjima |
| Instrumental | *kyslyjima | *kyslyjima | *kyslyjima |
| Vocative | *kyslaja | *kyslěji | *kyslěji |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *kysliji | *kyslyję | *kyslaja |
| Accusative | *kyslyję | *kyslyję | *kyslaja |
| Genitive | *kyslъjixъ | *kyslъjixъ | *kyslъjixъ |
| Locative | *kyslyjixъ | *kyslyjixъ | *kyslyjixъ |
| Dative | *kyslyjimъ | *kyslyjimъ | *kyslyjimъ |
| Instrumental | *kyslyjimi | *kyslyjimi | *kyslyjimi |
| Vocative | *kysliji | *kyslyję | *kyslaja |
Alternative reconstructions
- *kysьlъ
- *kyselъ
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Belarusian: кі́слы (kísly)
- Russian: ки́слый (kíslyj)
- Ukrainian: ки́слий (kýslyj)
- South Slavic:
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: ки̏сао
- Latin: kȉsao
- Slovene: kísel (tonal orthography)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- West Slavic:
- Polish: kisły (archaic, dialectal)
- Slovak: kyslý
- Slovincian: ћĩslï, ћì·slï
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “ки́слый”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1987), “*kys(ь)lъjь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), volume 13 (*kroměžirъ – kyžiti), Moscow: Nauka, page 275
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*kỳs(ь)lъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 267: “adj. o (a) ‘sour’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “kysьlъ”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (SA 211); b (PR 134) frugtgrød”