< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kypěti
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kup-, from , from Proto-Indo-European *kwep- (“to smoke, to boil, to move”) (reconstructed as *kweh₁p- in Rix (LIV), but per Derksen the laryngeal is unnecessary). Cognate with Lithuanian kūpė́ti (“to boil over”), 1sg. kūpù, 3sg. kū̃pa, Latvian kupêt, kupôt (“to seethe”). Probably also cognate with Sanskrit कुप्यति (kúpyati, “to be angry, to boil with emotion”) and Latin cupiō (“to desire”). Vasmer and Chernykh also link Latvian kûpêt (“to smoke, to steam”) but per Derksen this belongs to a different Indo-European root *k(ʷ)h₂up-.
Verb
*kypě̀ti impf[1][2][3]
- to boil, to seethe
Inflection
Conjugation of *kypěti, *kypě, *kypitь (impf., intr., -ě/i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
Suffix: *-ěti
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *kypěnьje | *kypěti | *kypětъ | *kypělъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | — | — |
| Active | *kypěvъ | *kypę |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *kypěxъ | *kypě | *kypě | *kypľǫ | *kypiši | *kypitь |
| Dual | *kypěxově | *kypěsta | *kypěste | *kypivě | *kypita | *kypite |
| Plural | *kypěxomъ | *kypěste | *kypěšę | *kypimъ | *kypite | *kypętь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *kypěaxъ | *kypěaše | *kypěaše | — | *kypi | *kypi |
| Dual | *kypěaxově | *kypěašeta | *kypěašete | *kypivě | *kypita | — |
| Plural | *kypěaxomъ | *kypěašete | *kypěaxǫ | *kypimъ | *kypite | — |
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: кипѣти (kipěti), кꙑпѣти (kypěti)
- Belarusian: кіпе́ць (kipjécʹ)
- Russian: кипе́ть (kipétʹ)
- Ukrainian: кипі́ти (kypíty)
- Old East Slavic: кипѣти (kipěti), кꙑпѣти (kypěti)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Cyrillic: кꙑпѣти (kypěti)
- Glagolitic: [Term?]
- Bulgarian: кипя́ (kipjá)
- Macedonian: кипи (kipi)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: ки́пјети
- Latin: kípjeti
- Chakavian (Orbanići): kīpȅt
- Slovene: kipẹ́ti (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: kypěti
- Czech: kypět
- Moravian (Mistřice): kipjet
- Czech: kypět
- Kashubian: czipiec
- Polabian: ťaipĕ (3sg.)
- Old Polish: kipieć
- Polish: kipieć
- Slovak: kypieť
- Slovincian: hĩpjĕc
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: kipjeć
- Lower Sorbian: kipjeś
- Old Czech: kypěti
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “кипе́ть”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Chernykh, P. (1993), “кипе́ть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1 (а – пантомима), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 396
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001) Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*kypěti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), volume 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 265
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*kypě̀ti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 266: “v. (c) ‘boil, seethe’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “kypěti: kypjǫ kypitь”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c koge, syde (PR 139)”
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “kipẹ́ti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “*kypě̋ti”