< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kvisti
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kweistei. Related to Latvian kvitêt (“to shimmer, to glimmer”).
- Per Derksen, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱweyt-, where Proto-Indo-European *ḱw- is depalatalized to *kw- in Balto-Slavic before a back vowel but has its regular reflex św- before a front vowel, and the complex pattern of related Proto-Slavic words with *kv- and *sv- (see Related terms, below) is due to analogical changes in both directions.
- Per Rix (LIV), there are two separate roots, Proto-Indo-European *ḱweyt- (“to become bright”) and Proto-Indo-European *kweyt- (“to shine”), the latter found only in Balto-Slavic.
- Chernykh refers to a substitution of "West-European" *k in place of *ḱ-, presumably suggesting a borrowing from a Centum language to the West of Proto-Balto-Slavic.
- Trubachev's theory is of "secondary centumization", which appears to be essentially the same as Chernykh's.
Verb
*kvistì impf[1][2][3]
- to bloom, to blossom, to flower
Conjugation
Conjugation of *kvisti, *kvьte, *kvьtetь (impf., -C-, _/ox-aorist, accent paradigm c)
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *kvьtenьje | *kvisti | *kvistъ | *kvьtlъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *kvьtenъ | *kvьtomъ |
| Active | *kvьtъ | *kvьty |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *kvьt(ox)ъ | *kvьte | *kvьte | *kvьtǫ | *kvьteši | *kvьtetь |
| Dual | *kvьt(ox)ově | *kvьt(e/os)ta | *kvьt(e/os)te | *kvьtevě | *kvьteta | *kvьtete |
| Plural | *kvьt(ox)omъ | *kvьt(e/os)te | *kvьtǫ, *kvьtošę | *kvьtemъ | *kvьtete | *kvьtǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *kvьtěaxъ | *kvьtěaše | *kvьtěaše | — | *kvьti | *kvьti |
| Dual | *kvьtěaxově | *kvьtěašeta | *kvьtěašete | *kvьtěvě | *kvьtěta | — |
| Plural | *kvьtěaxomъ | *kvьtěašete | *kvьtěaxǫ | *kvьtěmъ | *kvьtěte | — |
Related terms
- *květъ
- *kvьtěti
- *svěťa
- *svě̑tъ
- *svьtěti
Descendants
Some descendants have generalised the present stem to the infinitive.
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: цвьсти (cvĭsti)
- Belarusian: цвісці́ (cviscí), цьвісьці́ (cʹvisʹcí) (Tarashkevitsa orthography)
- Russian: цвести́ (cvestí), цвѣсти́ (cvěstí) (obsolete)
- Ukrainian: квісти́ (kvistý), цвісти́ (cvistý)
- Old East Slavic: цвьсти (cvĭsti)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Cyrillic: цвисти (cvisti)
- Glagolitic: [Term?]
- Bulgarian: цъфтя́ (cǎftjá), цъвтя́ (cǎvtjá) (obsolete)
- Macedonian: цвета (cveta)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: цва̀сти
- Latin: cvàsti
- Chakavian (Orbanići): cvãs
- Slovene: cvèsti, cvestȉ, cvésti (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: kvisti
- Czech: kvésti (archaic), kvést
- Old Polish: kwiść
- Polish: kwiść (archaic or dialectal)
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: kwisć
- Upper Sorbian: 1sg. ktu (infinitive kćěć is from *kvьtěti)
- Old Czech: kvisti
Further reading
- Chernykh, P. (1993), “цвести́, цвету́”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 362
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “цвет”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*k̑u̯ei̯t-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 340
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*ku̯ei̯t-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 375
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1987), “*kvisti, kvitǫ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 13 (*kroměžirъ – *kyžiti), Moscow: Nauka, page 167
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*kvisti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 259: “v. (c) ‘bloom, blossom’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “kvisti: kvьtǫ kvьtetь”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c blomstre (PR 139)”
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “cvẹ̑t”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “*kvisti̋, sed. *kvь̏tǫ”