< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kušati
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Iterative of *kusiti (“to probe, to trail”) + *-jati, of Germanic origin. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵews- (“to test, try”). In languages where *ǫ > *u, *kušati has merged with native *kǫšati (“to bite”).
Verb
*kùšati impf (perfective *kusnǫti)[1]
- to degustate
- to offer a meal, to feed
- → (reflexive) (+ *sę) to have a meal, to eat
- Synonym: *ěsti
- → (reflexive) (+ *sę) to have a meal, to eat
Conjugation
Conjugation of *kušati, *kuša, *kušajetь (impf., -ě-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)
Suffix: *-ěti
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *kušanьje | *kušati | *kušatъ | *kušalъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *kušanъ | *kušajemъ |
| Active | *kušavъ | *kušaję |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *kušaxъ | *kuša | *kuša | *kušajǫ | *kušaješi | *kušajetь |
| Dual | *kušaxově | *kušasta | *kušaste | *kušajevě | *kušajeta | *kušajete |
| Plural | *kušaxomъ | *kušaste | *kušašę | *kušajemъ | *kušajete | *kušajǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *kušaaxъ | *kušaaše | *kušaaše | — | *kušaji | *kušaji |
| Dual | *kušaaxově | *kušaašeta | *kušaašete | *kušajivě | *kušajita | — |
| Plural | *kušaaxomъ | *kušaašete | *kušaaxǫ | *kušajimъ | *kušajite | — |
Related terms
- *kusiti (“to probe, to trail”)
- *kušenьje (“probing, temptation”)
- *kusъ (“probe, taste”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: кушати (kušati)
- Belarusian: ку́шаць (kúšacʹ), куша́цьца (kušácʹca)
- Russian: ку́шать (kúšatʹ), куша́ться (kušátʹsja)
- Ukrainian: ку́шати (kúšaty), куштува́ти (kuštuváty)
- Old East Slavic: кушати (kušati)
- South Slavic:
- ⇒ Old Church Slavonic: въкоушати (vŭkušati)
- Bulgarian: ку́шам (kúšam) (dialectal)
- Macedonian: куша (kuša, “to babble”)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: ку̏шати
- Latin: kȕšati
- Slovene: kúšati
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: kušat
- Czech: zkoušet
- Old Polish: kuszać
- Old Czech: kušat
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1987), “*kušati (sę)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), volume 13 (*kroměžirъ – kyžiti), Moscow: Nauka, page 138
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “кушать”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1989), “кушати”, in Етимологічний словник української мови: у 7 т. [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 7 vols] (in Ukrainian), volume 3 (Кора – М), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 169
- Georgiev V. I., editor (1986), “кушам”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 174
References
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “kušati: kušajǫ kušajetь”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a smage (PR 123, 133)”