< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kusiti
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Borrowed[1] from Gothic 𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (kausjan). Brückner and Sławski do not exclude possible influence from native *kǫsati (“to take a bite”).
Bulgarian dialects also exhibit meaning “to scoop, to take up” (whence куся́м impf (kusjám, “to scoop with a spoon/laddle, to sip”), куса́ло (kusálo, “laddle”)).
Verb
*kùsiti pf or impf[1][2][3]
- (with perfective) to probe, to degustate → to taste
- (with imperfective) to trial, to sample, to put under scrutiny
Alternative forms
- *kusati
Conjugation
Conjugation of *kusiti, *kusi, *kusitь (?, -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)
Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *kušenьje | *kusiti | *kusitъ | *kusilъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *kušenъ | *kusimъ |
| Active | *kušь | *kusę |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *kusixъ | *kusi | *kusi | *kušǫ | *kusiši | *kusitь |
| Dual | *kusixově | *kusista | *kusiste | *kusivě | *kusita | *kusite |
| Plural | *kusixomъ | *kusiste | *kusišę | *kusimъ | *kusite | *kusętь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *kušaaxъ | *kušaaše | *kušaaše | — | *kusi | *kusi |
| Dual | *kušaaxově | *kušaašeta | *kušaašete | *kusivě | *kusita | — |
| Plural | *kušaaxomъ | *kušaašete | *kušaaxǫ | *kusimъ | *kusite | — |
- Notes:
- (*)*kusivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
Derived terms
- *kušati (intensive, interative)
- *nakusiti, *pokusiti (“to flavour, to zest”)
- *vъkusiti, *okusiti (“to taste, to savour”)
- *jьzkusiti (“to tempt”)
- *zakusiti (“to satiate one's taste”)
- *kusъ (“probe, trial”)
Derived terms
- East Slavic:
- Belarusian: кусі́ць (kusícʹ)
- Ukrainian: куси́ти (kusýty), куса́ти (kusáty)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: коусити (kusiti)
- Russian Church Slavonic: → кусити (kusiti, “to trail”)
- Bulgarian: ку́ся pf (kúsja), ку́сам pf (kúsam)
- Serbo-Croatian: (archaic)
- Cyrillic: ку̏сити
- Latin: kȕsiti
- Slovene: kúsiti (obsolete)
- Old Church Slavonic: коусити (kusiti)
- West Slavic:
- Czech: kusit (dialectal)
- Old Polish: kusić (“to tempt”)
- Polish: kusić (“to tempt”)
- → Lithuanian: kùsyti (“to seduce”)
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1987), “*kusiti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 13 (*kroměžirъ – *kyžiti), Moscow: Nauka, page 135
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “-кусить”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1989), “кусити”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 3 (Кора – М), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 160
- Georgiev V. I., editor (1986), “кусам”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 152
References
- Pronk-Tiethoff, Saskia E. (2013) The Germanic loanwords in Proto-Slavic (in English), Amsterdam - New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 104: “PSl. *kusiti: *kusjǫ ‘to try, taste’ (ap B)”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “kusiti: kusjǫ kusitь”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b bide (PR 137)”
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “kusiti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *kűsiti”