Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kupiti

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Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kupiti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

Causative of *kupъ (“heap, pile”) +‎ *-iti. Akin to Lithuanian kaũpti (“to pile up, to dig up”)[1].

In modern languages, mostly superseded by the Germanic loanword *kupiti (“to purchase”) (Etymology 2).

Verb

*kupìti impf[2]

1. to pile, to gather

Inflection

Conjugation of *kupiti, *kupi, *kupitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)

Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*kupľenьje	*kupiti	*kupitъ	*kupilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*kupľenъ	*kupimъ
Active	*kupľь	*kupę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*kupixъ	*kupi	*kupi	*kupľǫ	*kupiši	*kupitь
Dual	*kupixově	*kupista	*kupiste	*kupivě	*kupita	*kupite
Plural	*kupixomъ	*kupiste	*kupišę	*kupimъ	*kupite	*kupętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*kupľaaxъ	*kupľaaše	*kupľaaše	—	*kupi	*kupi
Dual	*kupľaaxově	*kupľaašeta	*kupľaašete	*kupivě	*kupita	—
Plural	*kupľaaxomъ	*kupľaašete	*kupľaaxǫ	*kupimъ	*kupite	—

Notes:
• (*)*kupivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Derived terms

• *sъvъkupiti (“to assemble”)
• *kupitьba (“collection”)
• *kupьščina (“pile, assembly”)
• *kupišče (“stack, large amount”)
• *kupьnъ (“piled, gathered”)
  • *kupьno (“together, simultaneously”) (adverb)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: купитисѧ (kupitisę)
    • Belarusian: купі́ць (kupícʹ)
    • Russian: купи́ть (kupítʹ)
    • Ukrainian: ку́питися (kúpytysja)
• South Slavic:
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic: ку̏пити

    Latin: kȕpiti

  • Slovene: kupíti?
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: kupit?
  • Polish: kupić (obsolete)
  • Slovak: kúpiť

Further reading

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1987), “*kupiti (sę) II”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), volume 13 (*kroměžirъ – kyžiti), Moscow: Nauka, page 112

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *kaupijaną (“to trade”) probably via Gothic (compare Gothic 𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐍉𐌽 (kaupōn)), itself from Latin caupō (“tradesman”), possibly ultimately from Hittite 𒄩𒀊𒉺𒅈 (ḫappar, “purchase, price”)[3] (from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ep-). The Germanic lemma is also loaned in Finnish kaupita.

Verb

*kupìti pf (imperfective *kupovati)[4][5]

1. to buy, to trade

Inflection

Conjugation of *kupiti, *kupi, *kupitь (perf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)

Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*kupľenьje	*kupiti	*kupitъ	*kupilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*kupľenъ	—
Active	*kupľь	—

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*kupixъ	*kupi	*kupi	*kupľǫ	*kupiši	*kupitь
Dual	*kupixově	*kupista	*kupiste	*kupivě	*kupita	*kupite
Plural	*kupixomъ	*kupiste	*kupišę	*kupimъ	*kupite	*kupętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	—	—	—	—	*kupi	*kupi
Dual	—	—	—	*kupivě	*kupita	—
Plural	—	—	—	*kupimъ	*kupite	—

Notes:
• (*)*kupivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
• In perfective verbs, present expresses future

Related terms

• *kupъ (“purchase, stock”)
  • *podъkupъ (“bribe”)
  • *otъkupъ (“ransom”)
  • *pokupъka (“purchase”)

Derived terms

• *kupľa (“trade”)
• *kupľьnъ (“commercial”)
• *kupьcь (“trader, buyer”)
• *kupьčьjь (“merchant”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: купити (kupiti)
    • Old Ruthenian: купи́ти (kupíti)
      • Belarusian: купі́ць (kupícʹ)
      • Ukrainian: купи́ти (kupýty)
    • Russian: купи́ть (kupítʹ)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: кѹпити (kupiti)

    ⇒ Romanian: precupeți (via the agent noun *kupьcь)

  • Bulgarian: ку́пя (kúpja)
  • Macedonian: купи (kupi)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic: ку́пити

    Latin: kúpiti

  • Slovene: kupīti, kúpiti
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: kúpiti
    • Czech: koupit
  • Old Polish: kupić
    • Polish: kupić
  • Slovak: kúpiť
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: kupić
    • Lower Sorbian: kupiś

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “купить”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1987), “*kupiti I”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), volume 13 (*kroměžirъ – kyžiti), Moscow: Nauka, page 109
• Georgiev V. I., editor (1986), “купя”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 142

References

1. Derksen, Rick (2015), “kaupti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 233
2. Olander, Thomas (2001), “(sъ-vъ-)kupiti: -kupjǫ -kupitь”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b sammenfatte (PR 137)”
3. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “κάπηλος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 638
4. Olander, Thomas (2001), “kupiti: kupjǫ kupitь”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b købe (PR 137)”
5. Snoj, Marko (2016), “kupīti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar³ (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “*kupi̋ti”