< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kuna
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kaunā́ˀ. Related, but not exactly cognate with Lithuanian kiáunė and Latvian caûna.
In some languages, the obsolete *kuna (“necklace, adornment, icon”), possibly borrowed from dialectal Ancient Greek κούνα (koúna), standard εἰκών (eikṓn, “image, icon”), is attested. Per Trubachev, a native formation from the devervial participle *kuti (“to forge”) + *-nа.
Noun
*kūnà or *kunà f[1][2]
- marten
Declension
Declension of *kūnà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *kūnà | *kũně | *kūnỳ |
| Accusative | *kūnǫ̀ | *kũně | *kūnỳ |
| Genitive | *kūnỳ | *kūnù | *kũnъ |
| Locative | *kūně̀ | *kūnù | *kūnàsъ, *kūnàxъ* |
| Dative | *kūně̀ | *kūnàma | *kūnàmъ |
| Instrumental | *kūnòjǫ, *kũnǫ** | *kūnàma | *kūnàmī |
| Vocative | *kuno | *kũně | *kūnỳ |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Declension of *kunà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm c)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *kunà | *kȗně | *kȗny |
| Accusative | *kȗnǫ | *kȗně | *kȗny |
| Genitive | *kuný | *kunù | *kũnъ |
| Locative | *kȗně | *kunù | *kunàsъ, *kunàxъ* |
| Dative | *kuně̀ | *kunàma | *kunàmъ |
| Instrumental | *kunojǫ́ | *kunàma | *kunàmi |
| Vocative | *kuno | *kȗně | *kȗny |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
Derived terms
- *kunica (diminutive)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic:
- ⇒ Belarusian: куні́ца (kuníca)
- ⇒ Russian: куни́ца (kuníca)
- ⇒ Ukrainian: куни́ця (kunýcja)
- ⇒ Old Novgorodian: кꙋница (kunica)
- Old East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: ку́на (kúna) (dated, nomen appellativum бялка (bjalka) is used instead)
- ⇒ Bulgarian: куни́ца (kuníca)
- Macedonian: ку́на (kúna)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: ку́на
- Latin: kúna
- Slovene: kúna (tonal orthography)
- Bulgarian: ку́на (kúna) (dated, nomen appellativum бялка (bjalka) is used instead)
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: kuna
- Czech: kuna
- Kashubian: kùna
- Polish: kuna
- Slovak: kuna
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: kuna
- Upper Sorbian: kuna
- Old Czech: kuna
Further reading
- Verweij, Arno (1994), “Quantity Patterns of Substantives in Czech and Slovak”, in Dutch Contributions to the Eleventh International Congress of Slavists, Bratislava (Studies in Slavic and General Linguistics), volume 22, Editions Rodopi B.V., page 504
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “куница”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1987), “*kuna”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 13 (*kroměžirъ – *kyžiti), Moscow: Nauka, page 103
- Georgiev V. I., editor (1986), “куна²”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 133
References
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “kuna kuny”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b/c mår (PR 135)”
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “kúna”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “*kuna̋”