< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/krъxa
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *krušāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *krus-eh₂, from *krows-. Cognate with Latvian krusa (“hail”), Lithuanian krušà (“hail”), Ancient Greek κρούω (kroúō).
Noun
*krъxà f[1][2]
- lump
Inflection
Declension of *krъxà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *krъxà | *krъ̀śě | *krъxỳ |
| Accusative | *krъxǫ̀ | *krъ̀śě | *krъxỳ |
| Genitive | *krъxỳ | *krъxù | *krъ̀xъ |
| Locative | *krъśě̀ | *krъxù | *krъxàsъ, *krъxàxъ* |
| Dative | *krъśě̀ | *krъxàma | *krъxàmъ |
| Instrumental | *krъxòjǫ, *krъ̀xǫ** | *krъxàma | *krъxàmī |
| Vocative | *krъxo | *krъ̀śě | *krъxỳ |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Declension of *krъxà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm c)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *krъxà | *krъ̏śě | *krъ̏xy |
| Accusative | *krъ̏xǫ | *krъ̏śě | *krъ̏xy |
| Genitive | *krъxý | *krъxù | *krъ̀xъ |
| Locative | *krъ̏śě | *krъxù | *krъxàsъ, *krъxàxъ* |
| Dative | *krъśě̀ | *krъxàma | *krъxàmъ |
| Instrumental | *krъxojǫ́ | *krъxàma | *krъxàmi |
| Vocative | *krъxo | *krъ̏śě | *krъ̏xy |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
Alternative forms
- *krъxъ
Related terms
- *kruxъ
- *krъxъ
Descendants
- Church Slavonic: кръха (krŭxa)
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: кръха (krŭxa)
- Belarusian: крыха́ (kryxá)
- Russian: кро́ха (króxa)
- Ukrainian: криха́ (kryxá)
- South Slavic:
- Slovene: kŕh (tonal orthography)
- Bulgarian: криха (kriha)
(obsolete)
- West Slavic:
- Polish: krech
- Slovak: krh, krch
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “кроха́”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*krъxà; *krъxъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 253: “(b/c) f. ā; m. o ‘lump’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “krъxa krъxy”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c (NA 88, 141f.; SA 24); b/c (PR 135) crumb”