< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kręnǫti
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From an earlier *krętnǫti, formed as *krętati (“to languish, to perturb”) + *-nǫti, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kert- (“to cut, to turn”) (or possibly from a depalatalized form of Proto-Indo-European *ḱert- (“to increase, to grow”)).
Verb
*kręnǫ̀ti pf (imperfective *krętati)[1]
- to lift, to transit
- Synonym: *dvignǫti
- to move barely
Inflection
Conjugation of *kręnǫti, *kręnǫ, *kręnetь (perf., -n-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *kręnovenьje | *kręnǫti | *kręnǫtъ | *kręnǫlъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *kręnovenъ | — |
| Active | *kręnǫvъ | — |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *kręnǫxъ | *kręnǫ | *kręnǫ | *kręnǫ | *kręneši | *kręnetь |
| Dual | *kręnǫxově | *kręnǫsta | *kręnǫste | *kręnevě | *kręneta | *kręnete |
| Plural | *kręnǫxomъ | *kręnǫste | *kręnǫšę | *kręnemъ | *kręnete | *kręnǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | — | — | — | — | *kręni | *kręni |
| Dual | — | — | — | *kręněvě | *kręněta | — |
| Plural | — | — | — | *kręněmъ | *kręněte | — |
- Notes:
- In perfective verbs, present expresses future
Related terms
- *kortъ (“grade, period”)
- *kortъkъ (“short”)
- *kortiti (“to complete, to cut”)
- *kъrtiti (“to wreck”)
- *krotъ (“meekness”)
- *krotъkъ (“meek, mild”)
- *krǫtъ (“tough, abrupt”)
- *krǫtьnъ (“cruel”)
Derived terms
- *kręniti (“to turn”)
- *kręnovati (“to wend”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Belarusian: крану́ць (kranúcʹ)
- Russian: кря́нуть (krjánutʹ)
- Ukrainian: кря́нути (krjánuty, “to strike”) (dialectal)[2]
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: крѧнѫти (kręnǫti)
- Bulgarian: кре́на (kréna), кре́вам (krévam), dial. кретнува́м (kretnuvám)
- Macedonian: крене (krene)
- Serbo-Croatian: krénuti
- Slovene: krenīti (tonal orthography)
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: křátnouti[3]
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “кря́нуть”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1985), “*krętnǫti (sę)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 12 (*koulъkъ – *kroma/*kromъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 147
- Georgiev V. I., editor (1979), “кревам”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 2, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 728
- Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “кря́нути”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
References
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “krenīti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “*krę(t)nǫ̋ti”
- Hrinchenko, Borys, editor (1924), “крянути”, in Словарь української мови [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Russian), volume 1: А – Н, Berlin: Ukrainske Slowo, page 853
- František Št. Kott (1878), “křátnouti”, in Česko-německý slovník zvláště grammaticko-fraseologický (in Czech), Prague: Josef Kolář, page 806