< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/krękъ
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Alternative reconstructions
- *krekъ, *skrekъ (attested in West Slavic)
- *krěkъ (attested in South Slavic)
Etymology
Disputed:
- Berneker, Bezzenberger, Kroonen: Of etymological origin, akin to Proto-Slavic *kręčь, *kręky (“plank, rod”) and *kręgъ, *kręžь (“ridge, hump”); possibly further related to Lithuanian kurkulai̇̃ pl (“frog spawn”), Latvian kurkul̨i pl (“frog spawn”), Proto-Germanic *hrugnaz (“roe”). Perhaps from a nasal extension of Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker-, *(s)kreh₁- (“to perturb, to pound, to swing”). For the semantic shift, compare analogous Latin plangō (“to strike”) → Latin plāga (“stroke; plague”), possibly planta (“plant”).
- Machek, Trubačev: Of onomatopoeic origin, akin to Proto-Slavic *krekъ, *krěkъ, *krakъ (“squawk, quack”).
ESSJa formally distinguishes between meanings “spawn” (under *krękъ I) and “sprout” (under *krękъ II).
Noun
*krękъ m
- spawn, sprout
- → frog spawn (mainly in East Slavic, attested in derivatives within other branches)
- Synonym: *jьkra (“roe”)
- → offshoot, bough, bole of plant (in South Slavic)
- Synonyms: *bъtvo, *bоturь
- → turf of aquatic vegetation (in Serbo-Croatian, Sorbian)
Declension
Declension of *krękъ (hard o-stem)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *krękъ | *kręka | *kręci |
| Accusative | *krękъ | *kręka | *kręky |
| Genitive | *kręka | *kręku | *krękъ |
| Locative | *kręcě | *kręku | *kręcěxъ |
| Dative | *kręku | *krękoma | *krękomъ |
| Instrumental | *krękъmь, *krękomь* | *krękoma | *kręky |
| Vocative | *kręče | *kręka | *kręci |
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
Derived terms
- *kręčina (“spawn, colony”)
- *krękosъ (“spawner”)
Related terms
- *kory (“root”)
- *kręčь, *kręky (“plank, rod”)
- *krękati (“to curl, to change course”)
- *krętati (“to move, to change position”)
Derived terms
- East Slavic:
- ⇒ Belarusian: кракові́на (krakovína, “sedimentation”) (dialectal)
- Russian: кряк (krjak, “spawn; trunk”) (standard); крёк (krjok, “frog spawn”) (dialectal)
- ⇒ Russian: укря́к (ukrják, “frog spawn”)
- South Slavic:
- Serbo-Croatian: (conflated with *krěkъ)
- Cyrillic: кре̑к (“sprout, bole”) (dialectal), о̏кријек (“duckweed”)
- Latin: krȇk (“sprout, bole”) (dialectal), ȍkrijek (“duckweed”)
- Slovene: krẹ́k, krȃk (“spawn”) (dialectal)
- ⇒ Slovene: žabokrẹ́čina (“frog spawn”)
- Serbo-Croatian: (conflated with *krěkъ)
- West Slavic:
- Czech: skřek (obsolete)
- ⇒ Czech: žаbоkřеkу pl (“frog spawn”)
- Polish: krzek, skrzek (“amphibian spawn”)
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: kśek (“water plant”)
- Upper Sorbian: křek (“water plant”)
- Czech: skřek (obsolete)
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “кряк”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1985), “*krękъ I, II”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 12 (*koulъkъ – *kroma/*kromъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 144
- “kurkulai”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
- Kroonen, Guus (2011) The Proto-Germanic n-stems: A study in diachronic morphophonology, Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 171