< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/koza
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Possibly related to Albanian kedh (“kid”), which would then render the Proto-Indo-European reconstruction as *koǵʰeh₂.
In older sources it is usually grouped with PIE *h₂eǵós (“he-goat”) but initial *k- does not match, or with set of Germanic cognates such a Old English hæcen (“kid”) and Middle Dutch hoeke, which is precluded by Winter's law.
Noun
*kozà f[1][2]
- goat
Declension
Declension of *kozà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *kozà | *kòzě | *kozỳ |
| Accusative | *kozǫ̀ | *kòzě | *kozỳ |
| Genitive | *kozỳ | *kozù | *kòzъ |
| Locative | *kozě̀ | *kozù | *kozàsъ, *kozàxъ* |
| Dative | *kozě̀ | *kozàma | *kozàmъ |
| Instrumental | *kozòjǫ, *kòzǫ** | *kozàma | *kozàmī |
| Vocative | *kozo | *kòzě | *kozỳ |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
See also
- *azь, *azьno
Derived terms
- *kozьlъ (“he-goat”)
- *koža (“skin; leather”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Belarusian: каза́ (kazá)
- Russian: коза́ (kozá)
- → Kildin Sami: коаза (kåza)
- Ukrainian: коза́ (kozá)
- → Latvian: kaza
- → Veps: koza
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Old Cyrillic: коза (koza)
- Glagolitic: ⰽⱁⰸⰰ (koza)
- Bulgarian: коза́ (kozá)
- Macedonian: ко́за (kóza)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: ко̀за
- Latin: kòza
- Slovene: kóza (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: koza
- Czech: koza
- Bohemian (Chod dialect): koza
- Czech: koza
- Kashubian: kòza
- Polabian: ťöză
- Polish: koza
- Slovak: koza
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: koza
- Lower Sorbian: koza
- Old Czech: koza
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1985), “*koza”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 12 (*koulъkъ – *kroma/*kromъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 19
- Dybo, Vladimir (2002), “Balto-Slavic Accentology and Winter's Law”, in Studia Linguarum (in English), volume 3, Moscow, page 479 of 295–515
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*kozà”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 242: “f. ā (b) ‘goat’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “koza kozy”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b (SA 166, 199; PR 138)”