Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/koty

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Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/koty

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *kotъ (“cat”) +‎ *-y.

Compare Serbo-Croatian mȁčka (“cat; anchor”)[1], Hungarian vasmacska (literally “iron cat”), Old Church Slavonic котъка (kotŭka, “anchor”), Russian кошка (koška, “anchor with 3-5 flukes”)[2], Romanian cătușă (“anchor”), German Kattanker / Katzanker (“small anchor”), Middle Low German katt (“small anchor”) and Ancient Greek κότυς (kótus), Κότυς (Kótus).[3]

Noun

*kotỳ f

1. anchor

Inflection

Declension of *kotỳ (v-stem, accent paradigm b)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*kotỳ	*kotъ̀vi	*kotъ̀vi
Accusative	*kotъ̀vь	*kotъ̀vi	*kotъ̀vi
Genitive	*kotъ̀ve	*kotъ̀vu	*kotъ̀vъ
Locative	*kotъ̀ve	*kotъ̀vu	*kotъ̀vьxъ, *kotъ̀vaxъ*
Dative	*kotъ̀vi	*kotъ̀vьma, *kotъ̀vama*	*kotъ̀vьmъ, *kotъ̀vamъ*
Instrumental	*kotъ̀vьjǫ, *kotъ̀vľǭ**	*kotъ̀vьma, *kotъ̀vama*	*kotъ̀vьmī, *kotъ̀vamī*
Vocative	*kotỳ	*kotъ̀vi	*kotъ̀vi

^* -ьmъ/etc. are the original consonant-stem endings, while -amъ/etc. are later Common Slavic endings formed by analogy with a-stems.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Russian: котва (kotva) (dialectal)
  • Ukrainian: кі́тва (kítva)
    • ⇒ Ukrainian: кі́тви́ця (kítvýcja)
• South Slavic:
  • Church Slavonic котва (kotva)[4]
  • Bulgarian: ко́тва (kótva)
  • Macedonian: котва (kotva)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic: ко̏тва

    Latin: kȍtva

  • Slovene: kȏtva (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: kotva; kotev (dialectal)
  • Polabian: ťötåi (“cat”)
  • Old Polish: kotew, kotwa
    • Polish: kotwa, kotwia, kotew
    • ⇒ Old Polish: kotwica
      • Polish: kotwica
    • → Ukrainian: ко́тва (kótva)
      • ⇒ Ukrainian: ко́тви́ця (kótvýcja)
  • Slovak: kotva
  • Slovincian: kᵘ̯otäv, kœtev
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: kótwa
      • ⇒ Lower Sorbian: kótwica
    • Upper Sorbian: kótwa
      • ⇒ Upper Sorbian: kótwica

References

1. Pero Budmani, Tomislav Maretić, editor (1904-1910), “mȁčka”, in Rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika (in Serbo-Croatian), volume 6, Zagreb: JAZU, page 352
2. Dal, Vladimir (1905), “кошка”, in Толковый Словарь живого великорусскаго языка [Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 2, 3rd edition, товарищество М. О. Вольфъ, page 466
3. Шапошников, А. К. (2018), “Рец.: Журавлев А. Ф. Эволюции смыслов. М.: Издательский Дом ЯСК, 2016. 472 с. ISBN 978-5-9907947-5-7 [Zhuravlev A. F. Evolyutsii smyslov [Evolutions of Meanings]. Moscow: YaSK Publ., 2016. 472 p. ISBN 978-5-9907947-5-7]”, in Труды Института русского языка им. В. В. Виноградова: Этимология [Proceedings of the V. V. Vinogradov Russian Language Institute: Etymology], volume 18, Moscow, ISSN [http://www.worldcat.org/issn/2311-150X 2311-150X, page 256
4. Franz Miklosich (1862–1865), “котва”, in Lexicon Palaeoslovenico-Graeco-Latinum emendatum auctum, Vienna: Guilelmus Braumueller, page 305

Further reading

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1984), “*koty”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 11 (*konьcь – *kotьna(ja)), Moscow: Nauka, page 213
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “ко́тва”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress