Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kotiti

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Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kotiti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

Of unknown origin. Similar in meaning to Lithuanian skàsti (“to jump, to move around”), Latvian skatīt (“to check, to look at”), and Latin scateō (“to gush, to spring”) which suggests an origin from a possible Proto-Indo-European *(s)ket- (“to spring, to leap”) (traditionally reconstructed as *skeHt-[1]). Matasović relates it with Irish caith (“to throw”), Old Irish caithid (“to consume”) derived from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂t-[2].

Verb

*kotìti impf (perfective *kaťati)[3]

1. to tumble, to roll, to crumble
2. to leap, to climb

Inflection

Conjugation of *kotiti, *koti, *kotitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)

Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*koťenьje	*kotiti	*kotitъ	*kotilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*koťenъ	*kotimъ
Active	*koťь	*kotę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*kotixъ	*koti	*koti	*koťǫ	*kotiši	*kotitь
Dual	*kotixově	*kotista	*kotiste	*kotivě	*kotita	*kotite
Plural	*kotixomъ	*kotiste	*kotišę	*kotimъ	*kotite	*kotętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*koťaaxъ	*koťaaše	*koťaaše	—	*koti	*koti
Dual	*koťaaxově	*koťaašeta	*koťaašete	*kotivě	*kotita	—
Plural	*koťaaxomъ	*koťaašete	*koťaaxǫ	*kotimъ	*kotite	—

Notes:
• (*)*kotivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Related terms

• *kotalěti (“to roll over”)
• *koturati (“to leap, to spring”)
• *katati (“to roll, to tumble”)
• *sъkatъ (“cliff, slope”)
• *katerica (“tree squirrel”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: каціць (kacicʹ)
  • Russian: катить (katitʹ)
  • Ukrainian: коти́ти (kotýty)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: кътая (kǎtaja) (dialectal)
    • ⇒ Bulgarian: кате́ря (katérja)
  • Slovene: kotīti (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: kotit se
  • Polish: kocić
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: kócić

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “котить”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1984), “*kotiti (sę) II”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 11 (*konьcь – *kotьna(ja)), Moscow: Nauka, page 205
• Georgiev V. I., editor (1986), “кътая”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 234
• Georgiev V. I., editor (1979), “кате́ря се”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 2, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 272

References

1. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*skeHt-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 551
2. Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*kat-yo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 195–196
3. Snoj, Marko (2016), “kotīti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar³ (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “*koti̋ti”

Etymology 2

Commonly interpreted as a derivative of *kotъ (“cat”) +‎ *-iti, in a similar manner as Proto-Slavic *teliti (“to beget, spec. for cows”) < Proto-Slavic *telę (“calf”) or as a figurative meaning of *kotiti (“to tumble, to roll”).

Relation to Proto-Slavic *kotьcь (“pen”), Proto-Slavic *košara (“sheepfold”) is uncertain. They both could descend from Proto-Indo-European *ket- (“to contain, to enclose, to wrap”), however, there is not sufficient evidence to reconstruct such a meaning for that root.

Verb

*kotìti[1][2]

1. (transitive) to brood
2. (reflexive) to have young, to bear an offspring (for animals)

Inflection

Conjugation of *kotiti, *koti, *kotitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)

Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*koťenьje	*kotiti	*kotitъ	*kotilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*koťenъ	*kotimъ
Active	*koťь	*kotę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*kotixъ	*koti	*koti	*koťǫ	*kotiši	*kotitь
Dual	*kotixově	*kotista	*kotiste	*kotivě	*kotita	*kotite
Plural	*kotixomъ	*kotiste	*kotišę	*kotimъ	*kotite	*kotętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*koťaaxъ	*koťaaše	*koťaaše	—	*koti	*koti
Dual	*koťaaxově	*koťaašeta	*koťaašete	*kotivě	*kotita	—
Plural	*koťaaxomъ	*koťaašete	*koťaaxǫ	*kotimъ	*kotite	—

Notes:
• (*)*kotivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Derived terms

• *kotidlo (“nest, brood”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Russian: коти́ться (kotítʹsja)
  • Ukrainian: коти́тися (kotýtysja)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: ко́тя (kótja)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic: ко̀тити

    Latin: kòtiti

    • Chakavian (Vrgada): kotȉti
  • Slovene: kotīti (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: kotiti
  • Polish: kocić
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: kócić

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “коти́ться”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1984), “*kotiti sę I”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 11 (*konьcь – *kotьna(ja)), Moscow: Nauka, page 204

References

1. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*kotìti sę”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 240: “v. (c) ‘have young’”
2. Snoj, Marko (2016), “kotīti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar³ (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “*koti̋ti sę”