< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kortъ
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Substantivized neuter[1] of Proto-Balto-Slavic *kártas (“localized, concise”) (attested in adjectival form as a part of compounds), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut”). Cognate with Lithuanian kar̃tas (“time, occurrence”) (plural kartaĩ), kartà (“layer, row”) (acc. kar̃tą), Latvian kā̀rtа (“layer, row”) and further related to Sanskrit सकृत् (sakṛ́t, “once”), कृत्वस् pl (kṛ́tvas, “times, occurrences”), Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬐𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬝 (hakərət̰, “once”).
Noun
*kõrtъ m[2][3][4]
- moment of time, occurence
- Synonym: *razъ
- (as a part of adverbs) instance
- *kratě ― once
- *dъva, *tri *kraty ― twice, thrice
- *mъnogo *kraty ― multiple times
Declension
Declension of *kõrtъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm b)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *kõrtъ | *kōrtà | *kōrtì |
| Accusative | *kõrtъ | *kōrtà | *kōrtỳ |
| Genitive | *kōrtà | *kōrtù | *kõrtъ |
| Locative | *kōrtě̀ | *kōrtù | *kõrtěxъ |
| Dative | *kōrtù | *kōrtòma | *kōrtòmъ |
| Instrumental | *kōrtъ̀mь, *kōrtòmь* | *kōrtòma | *kõrty |
| Vocative | *korte | *kōrtà | *kōrtì |
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
Derived terms
- *kortьnъ (“discrete”)
- *edьnokortьnъ (“one-time”)
Related terms
- *kortiti (“to cut short”)
- *kortežь (“shortage”)
- *kortostь (“brevity”)
- *kortъkъ (“short, brief”)
Descendants
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: кратъ (kratŭ)
- → Russian: крат (krat)
- Bulgarian: крат (krat, “unit of measure”) (dialectal)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: -крат
- Latin: -krat
- Slovene: kràt (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic: кратъ (kratŭ)
- West Slavic:
- Czech: krát
- Polish: -kroć
- Slovak: krát
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: -krot
- Upper Sorbian: -kroć
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “кра́та”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1984), “*kortъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), volume 11 (*konьcь – *kotьna(ja)), Moscow: Nauka, page 99
- Georgiev V. I., editor (1979), “крат”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 2, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 721
References
- Gender shift due to Illič-Svityč's law.
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*kortъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 236: “m. o (b) ‘once, time’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “kortъ korta”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b time, occurrence (NA 122; SA 21)”
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “krat”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *kortъ̏”