Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kormola

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Related to Old High German karmala (“revolt”) (whence also Vulgar Latin carmula (“id.”)):

Miklošič, Berneker, Mladenov (deemed more likely by Vasmer): The Slavic term borrowed from Old High German (Old Bavarian) and spread via West Slavic to other Slavic dialects.
Brandt: Of native origin, perhaps from *korъ (“reproach”) +‎ *-m- + *-ola. The Bavarian term borrowed from Slavic.

Noun

*kormola f

turmoil, brawl, scuffle, heated argument
Synonyms: *karanica, *svarъ, *sъporъ

Declension

Declension of *kormola (hard a-stem)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*kormola	*kormolě	*kormoly
Accusative	*kormolǫ	*kormolě	*kormoly
Genitive	*kormoly	*kormolu	*kormolъ
Locative	*kormolě	*kormolu	kormolasъ, kormolaxъ^*
Dative	*kormolě	*kormolama	*kormolamъ
Instrumental	kormolojǫ, kormolǫ^**	*kormolama	*kormolami
Vocative	*kormolo	*kormolě	*kormoly

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms

*kormoliti, *kormoľati (“to brawl, to skirmish”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old Ruthenian: коромола (koromola)
  - Belarusian: коромо́ла (koromóla)
  - Ukrainian: коромо́ли pl (koromóly)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: крамола (kramola)
  - → Bulgarian: крамола́ (kramolá)
  - → Russian: крамо́ла (kramóla)
- Serbo-Croatian: (obsolete, nowadays found as a personal name)
  Cyrillic: крамола
  Latin: kramola
- Old Slovene: kramóla
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: kramola
  - Czech: kramol m
- ⇒ Slovak: grámor

Toponyms:
- ⇒ Polish: Kromołów
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian: Kromoła