< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kopьje
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Probably form the root of Proto-Slavic *kopati (“to dig”) + *-ьje (augmentative suffix), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kep- (“to strike, beat”). Trubačev suggests, more precisely, substantivation of a possible compound like *kopьje *dervo (“stabbing wood”).
Akin to Lithuanian kapoklė (“cleaver”), Ancient Greek κοπίς (kopís, “chopper”).
Noun
*kopьjè or *kȍpьje n[1][2][3]
- javelin, spear
Declension
Most languages reflect AP b, but Serbo-Croatian and Slovene also show AP c.
Declension of *kopьjè (soft o-stem, accent paradigm b)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *kopьjè | *kopь̀ji | *kopь̀ja |
| Accusative | *kopьjè | *kopь̀ji | *kopь̀ja |
| Genitive | *kopьjà | *kopьju | *kopь̀jь |
| Locative | *kopьjì | *kopьju | *kopь̀jixъ |
| Dative | *kopьjù | *kopьjema | *kopь̀jemъ |
| Instrumental | *kopьjь̀mь, *kopьjèmь* | *kopьjema | *kopь̀ji |
| Vocative | *kopьjè | *kopь̀ji | *kopь̀ja |
* -ьmь in North Slavic, -emь in South Slavic.
Declension of *kȍpьje (soft o-stem, accent paradigm c)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *kȍpьje | *kȍpьji | *kopьjà |
| Accusative | *kȍpьje | *kȍpьji | *kopьjà |
| Genitive | *kȍpьja | *kopьjù | *kopь̀jь |
| Locative | *kȍpьji | *kopьjù | *kopьjíxъ |
| Dative | *kȍpьju | *kopьjemà | *kopьjémъ |
| Instrumental | *kȍpьjьmь, *kȍpьjemь* | *kopьjemà | *kopьjí |
| Vocative | *kȍpьje | *kȍpьji | *kopьjà |
* -ьmь in North Slavic, -emь in South Slavic.
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Russian: копьё (kopʹjó)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: копиѥ (kopije)
- Bulgarian: копие (kopie)
- Macedonian: копје (kopje)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: ко̏пље, ко̀пље
- Latin: kȍplje, kòplje
- Slovene: kọ́pje (tonal orthography), (archaic) kopjẹ̑
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: kopie
- Czech: kopí
- Polish: kopia
- Slovak: kopija
- Upper Sorbian: kopjo
- Lower Sorbian: kopje
- Old Czech: kopie
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*kopьje”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 234: “n. io ‘spear, lance’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “kopьje”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b lanse, spyd (SA 150; PR 135)”
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “kọ̄pje”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “*kopьjȅ (ali *kȍpьje)”
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1984), “*kopьje/*kopьja”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 11 (*konьcь – *kotьna(ja)), Moscow: Nauka, page 40
- Georgiev V. I., editor (1979), “копие¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 2, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 616