< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kopъtь
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Probably from Proto-Indo-European *kwep- ~ *kʷap- (“to steam, to boil, to stink”) + *-ъtь, akin to Lithuanian kvãpas (“aroma”) and possibly Ancient Greek κάπυς (kápus, “fume”), Latin vapor, Sanskrit कपि (kapi, “murky, aromatic”).
Noun
*kopъtь f[1]
- soot
- Synonym: *saďa
- steam, fume, smoke (usually thick and dark)
- Synonym: *dymъ
Alternative forms
- *kopъtъ m
Declension
Declension of *kopъtь (i-stem)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *kopъtь | *kopъti | *kopъti |
| Accusative | *kopъtь | *kopъti | *kopъti |
| Genitive | *kopъti | *kopъtьju, *kopъťu* | *kopъtьjь, *kopъti* |
| Locative | *kopъti | *kopъtьju, *kopъťu* | *kopъtьxъ |
| Dative | *kopъti | *kopъtьma | *kopъtьmъ |
| Instrumental | *kopъtьjǫ, *kopъťǫ* | *kopъtьma | *kopъtьmi |
| Vocative | *kopъti | *kopъti | *kopъti |
* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Derived terms
- *kopъtěti, *kopъtiti (“to darken, to dim”)
Related terms
- *kopněti (“to melt, to yearn for”)
- *kypěti (“to boil up”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: копоть f (kopotĭ)
- Belarusian: ко́паць f (kópacʹ)
- Russian: ко́поть f (kópotʹ)
- Ukrainian: кі́поть m (kípotʹ)
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: kopet m
- Czech: kopt
- Polish: kopeć m
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: kорć m
- Lower Sorbian: kopś m
- Old Czech: kopet m
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “копоть”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1984), “*kopъtъ/*kopъtь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 11 (*konьcь – *kotьna(ja)), Moscow: Nauka, page 29
- Georgiev V. I., editor (1979), “коптея, коптя”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 2, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 622
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*kopъtъ, *kopъtь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 233