Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kopa

< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kopa

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Resultant noun of *kopati (“to dig”) +‎ *-a, cognate with Latvian kaps (“grave”), Lithuanian kãpas (“grave”).

Noun

*kopà f[1][2][3]

1. heap, pile

Declension

Declension of *kopà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm c)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*kopà	*kȍpě	*kȍpy
Accusative	*kȍpǫ	*kȍpě	*kȍpy
Genitive	*kopý	*kopù	*kòpъ
Locative	*kȍpě	*kopù	*kopàsъ, *kopàxъ*
Dative	*kopě̀	*kopàma	*kopàmъ
Instrumental	*kopojǫ́	*kopàma	*kopàmi
Vocative	*kopo	*kȍpě	*kȍpy

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Russian: копа́ (kopá)
  • Ukrainian: копа́ (kopá)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: копа́ (kopá)
  • Macedonian: копа (kopa)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic: ко̏па

    Latin: kȍpa

  • Slovene: kópa
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: kopa
    • Czech: kopa
  • Kashubian: kòpa
  • Polish: kopa
  • Slovak: kopa
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: kора
    • Upper Sorbian: kора

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “копа́”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1984), “*kopa”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 11 (*konьcь – *kotьna(ja)), Moscow: Nauka, page 11
• Georgiev V. I., editor (1979), “копа”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 2, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 607

References

1. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*kopa”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 232: “f. ā ‘heap, shock’”
2. Olander, Thomas (2001), “kopa kopy”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c bunke (PR 138)”
3. Snoj, Marko (2016), “kópa”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar³ (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “*kopa̋”