< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kolo
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kálas, cognate with Old Prussian kelan (“wheel”). Formally from Proto-Indo-European *kʷól-os ~ *kʷól-es-, from *kʷel- (“to turn”). Related to reduplicated o-stem *kʷékʷlos, whence Lithuanian kãklas (“neck”), Latvian kakls (“neck”).
Meillet explains the o-grade, which is uncommon in s-stem nouns, with the influence of a parallel o-grade instrumental noun reflected in Ancient Greek πόλος (pólos, “pole, axis”).
Noun
*kȍlo n[1][2][3]
- wheel
- circle
- (in the plural) wheeled vehicle
Declension
Declension of *kȍlo (s-stem, accent paradigm c)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *kȍlo | *kȍlesi | *kolesà |
| Accusative | *kȍlo | *kȍlesi | *kolesà |
| Genitive | *kȍlese | *kolesù | *kolèsъ |
| Locative | *kȍlese | *kolesù | *kolèsьxъ |
| Dative | *kȍlesi | *kolesьmà | *kolèsьmъ |
| Instrumental | *kȍlesьmь | *kolesьmà | *kolesý |
| Vocative | *kȍlo | *kȍlesi | *kolesà |
In some daughter languages, later reanalyzed as o-stem:
Declension of *kȍlo (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *kȍlo | *kȍlě | *kolà |
| Accusative | *kȍlo | *kȍlě | *kolà |
| Genitive | *kȍla | *kolù | *kòlъ |
| Locative | *kȍlě | *kolù | *kolě̃xъ |
| Dative | *kȍlu | *kolomà | *kolòmъ |
| Instrumental | *kȍlъmь, *kȍlomь* | *kolomà | *kolý |
| Vocative | *kȍlo | *kȍlě | *kolà |
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
Derived terms
- *obikoliti (“to get around”)
- *okolo (“around, nearby”) (adverb)
- *okolьje (“surroundings”), *okolovьrstьje (“circumference”)
- *kolьce, *kolesьce (“ring, hoop”)
- *kolařь (“carter”)
- *kolěja (“track, wheel-trail”)
- *kolesьnъ, *kolьnъ (“related to wheel”)
- *kolesьnica, *kolesъka (“chariot”)
- *kolьnica (“cart”)
- *kolo-
- *kolomę (“circular stamp/press”)
- *kolomazь, *kolomastь (“wheel wax”)
- *kolotokъ (“wheel trajectory”)
- *kolovirъ (“whirlpool”)
- *kolovoďь (“cart-dragger”)
- *kolovortъ (“circulation, cycle”)
- *kolovozъ (“rut, wheel track”)
Related terms
- *kolačь, *kolakъ (“type of pastry”)
- *kologъ (“turn of the year, Yule”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: коло (kolo)
- Belarusian: ко́ла (kóla)
- Russian: ко́ло (kólo) (archaic)
- Rusyn: коло (kolo)
- Ukrainian: ко́ло (kólo)
- Old East Slavic: коло (kolo)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: коло (kolo)
- Bulgarian: ко́ло (kólo) (archaic)
- ⇒ Bulgarian: колело́ (koleló)
- ⇒ Bulgarian: кола́ f (kolá, “car”)
- Macedonian: ко́ло (kólo), ко́лце (kólce), ко́ла (kóla)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: ко̏ло
- Latin: kȍlo
- Slovene: kolọ̑, kọ̑lo (tonal orthography)
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: kolo
- Czech: kolo
- Moravian (Mistřice): kou̯o
- Czech: kolo
- Kashubian: kòło
- Polabian: ťölü
- Polish: koło
- Slovak: kolo
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: koło
- → Lower Sorbian: koło
- Upper Sorbian: koło
- Old Czech: kolo
Back-formations from *kolesà (plural):
- East Slavic
- Russian: колесо́ sg (kolesó)
- → Kildin Sami: коалес (kål’es)
- → Skolt Sami: kååʹlez
- → Yakut: көлөһө (kölöhö)
- Ukrainian: ко́лесо sg (kóleso)
- Russian: колесо́ sg (kolesó)
- West Slavic
- Czech: koleso sg
- Slovak: koleso sg
- Sorbian
- Lower Sorbian: kólaso sg
- Upper Sorbian: koleso sg
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “колесо́”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1983), “*kolo”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 10 (*klepačь – *konь), Moscow: Nauka, page 141
- Georgiev V. I., editor (1979), “коло”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 2, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 559
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*kȍlo”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 229: “n. s ‘wheel’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “kolo kolese”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c (SA 150; PR 138); d (RPT 85)”
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “kolo”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *kȍlo, rod. *kȍlese”