< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kogъda
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
- From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kas gadas. Equivalent to *ko + *gъda (Gsg. of *godъ) – literally "at what time"
- ЭССЯ: later Slavic relationship *jegъda — *kogъda obviously influenced by Gsg. form of *godъ (with probable reduction *goda > *gъda) and changed previous pair relationship *jeda — *koda. From *ko- + *-da.
- Vasmer: probably originally was *koda. Ending *gъda possibly came from earlier reduction of *vьsegъda, *jьnogъda, where it was generalized to *jegъda, *kogъda, *togъda.
- Compare Lithuanian kadà (“when”), East Lithuanian kadù, Old Prussian kaden, kadden, Latvian kad (“when”), Sanskrit कदा (kadā, “when”), Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬛𐬁 (kadā, “when”).
Adverb
*kogъda[1]
- when
Alternative forms
- *kogъdy
See also
| Type | *kъto | *jь | *jьnъ | *onъ | *ovъ | *sь | *tъ | *vьxъ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time | *kogъda | *jegъda | *jьnogъda | *onogъda | *ovogъda | *segъda | *togъda | *vьśegъda |
| Place (to) | *kǫda | *jǫdu | *jьnǫdu | *onǫda | *ovǫda | *sǫda | *tǫda | *vьxǫdu |
| Place (to/in) | *kamo | *jamo | *jьnamo | *onamo | *ovamo | *sěmo | *tamo | *vьxamo |
| Place (in) | *kъde | *jьde | *jьnъde | *onъde | *ovъde | *sьde | *tu | *vьxъde |
| Way | *kako | *jako | *jьnako | *onako | *ovako | *sice | *tako | *vьxako |
| Amount | *koliko | *jeliko | *jьnoliko | *onoliko | *ovoliko | *seliko | *toliko | — |
Derived terms
- *kъda (perhaps influenced by forms *kъde, *kъto)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: когда (kogda)
- Belarusian: (dialectal) кадэ (kade)
- Russian: когда́ (kogdá), когды́ (kogdý), (dialectal) ковда́ (kovdá), (dialectal) ковды́ (kovdý), када́ (kadá), колды́ (koldý)
- Rusyn: кідь (kidʹ)
- Old East Slavic: когда (kogda)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Old Cyrillic: къгда (kŭgda), когда (kogda)
- Glagolitic: ⰽⱏⰳⰴⰰ (kŭgda), [Term?]
- Church Slavonic (Russian recension): когда (kogda), егда (egda), гда (gda)
- Bulgarian: кога́ (kogá), (dialectal) къга́ (kǎgá), коги́ (kogí)
- Macedonian: ко́га (kóga)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: ка̏д, ка̀да
- Latin: kȁd, kàda
- Slovene: kdāj (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: kehdy
- Czech: kdy, (dialectal) hdy
- Kashubian: ga, czedë, czej
- Old Polish: kiegdy
- Polish: gdy, kiedy, (dialectal) kiej, kied, kady
- Slovak: kedy
- Slovincian: ga
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: gdy, ga
- Upper Sorbian: hdy
- Old Czech: kehdy
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “когда”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1983), “*kogъda / *kogъdy”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 10 (*klepačь – *konь), Moscow: Nauka, page 108
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*kogъda; *kogъdy”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 227: “adv./conj. ‘when’”