Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kobyla

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Probably an early borrowing from a Turkic language,[1] maybe cognate with Latin caballus[2], or Khotanese [script needed] (kabä).[3]

Noun

*kobyla f

mare (female horse)

Declension

Declension of *kobyla (hard a-stem)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*kobyla	*kobylě	*kobyly
Accusative	*kobylǫ	*kobylě	*kobyly
Genitive	*kobyly	*kobylu	*kobylъ
Locative	*kobylě	*kobylu	kobylasъ, kobylaxъ^*
Dative	*kobylě	*kobylama	*kobylamъ
Instrumental	kobylojǫ, kobylǫ^**	*kobylama	*kobylami
Vocative	*kobylo	*kobylě	*kobyly

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Belarusian: кабы́ла (kabýla)
- Russian: кобы́ла (kobýla)
- Ukrainian: коби́ла (kobýla)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: кобꙑла (kobyla)
- Bulgarian: коби́ла (kobíla)
- Macedonian: кобила (kobila)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic: ко̀била
  Latin: kòbila
- Slovene: kobíla
West Slavic:
- Czech: kobyla
- Lower Sorbian: kobyła
- Polish: kobyła
- Slovak: kobyla
- Upper Sorbian: kobła

References

Schenker, Alexander (1996), “2.66. Lexical borrowing”, in The Dawn of Slavic: An Introduction to Slavic Philology‎, pages 159-160
Derksen, Rick (2008), “*kòņь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 232: “Ru. kobýla ‘mare’, etc., which may be cognate with Lat. caballus ‘working-horse’.”
Bailey, H. W. (1979) Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 52

[1] Schenker, Alexander (1996), “2.66. Lexical borrowing”, in The Dawn of Slavic: An Introduction to Slavic Philology‎, pages 159-160

[2] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*kòņь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 232: “Ru. kobýla ‘mare’, etc., which may be cognate with Lat. caballus ‘working-horse’.”

[3] Bailey, H. W. (1979) Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 52